SAR Image Simulation of Steering Kelvin Wake on Sea Surface With Breaking Waves

IEEE geoscience and remote sensing letters : a publication of the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI:10.1109/LGRS.2025.3580563

Meng-Qing Wang;Peng-Ju Yang;Rui Wu

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Abstract

Aiming at synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging of ship-induced steering wake in the presence of breaking waves, this letter presents a composite electromagnetic (EM) and hydrodynamic modeling approach, combining theoretical analysis with computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) simulations. Using faceted two-scale model (TSM) combined with breaking wave theory, the Bragg scattering and non-Bragg scattering components are calculated, respectively, to obtain the spatial distribution of scattering coefficients for the composite scene with breaking waves. On this basis, the SAR image of the composite scene with breaking waves is obtained by combining the modulation transfer function (MTF) model with the velocity bunching (VB) model. Simulations indicate that distinctive Kelvin wake characteristics can be observed in SAR images in the presence of breaking waves, which is basically consistent with the measured SAR images obtained by the Gaofen-3 and TerraSAR-X satellites, validating the physical consistency of the proposed model and its effectiveness in SAR imaging simulation.

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海面破碎浪上转向开尔文尾流的SAR图像模拟

针对破碎波存在下船舶转向尾流的合成孔径雷达成像问题，本文提出了一种结合理论分析和计算流体动力学模拟的电磁和水动力复合建模方法。利用分面双尺度模型（TSM）结合破碎波理论，分别计算Bragg散射分量和非Bragg散射分量，得到破碎波复合场景散射系数的空间分布。在此基础上，将调制传递函数（MTF）模型与速度聚束（VB）模型相结合，得到了破碎波复合场景的SAR图像。仿真结果表明，破碎波存在时的SAR图像具有明显的开尔文尾迹特征，与高分三号和TerraSAR-X卫星实测SAR图像基本一致，验证了模型的物理一致性及其在SAR成像仿真中的有效性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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IEEE geoscience and remote sensing letters : a publication of the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society

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