Unsupervised Seismic Erratic Noise Suppression Using Implicit Neural Representation

Abstract

Seismic erratic noise, characterized by large isolated events following non-Gaussian distributions, significantly degrades seismic data quality by masking useful signals. Methods based on conventional priors remain essential but face inherent challenges as they struggle to balance noise attenuation and signal preservation. Supervised deep learning approaches are constrained by the scarcity of high-quality labeled training pairs while existing unsupervised techniques often suffer from suboptimal accuracy and high-computational cost. To address these limitations, we propose an unsupervised deep learning framework based on implicit neural representation (INR) for erratic noise suppression in seismic data. The proposed method employs Fourier feature mapping to encode the spatial coordinates of noisy seismic data, which are then processed by a lightweight multilayer perceptron (MLP). The MLP is optimized using a robust Huber loss function to learn a continuous representation of the underlying seismic wavefield, effectively attenuating erratic noise while preserving valuable signal components. The Fourier feature mapping enhances the MLP’s ability to capture high-frequency signal details, while the Huber loss adaptively weights residuals based on amplitude, enabling precise noise suppression. Experimental results on synthetic and field datasets demonstrate its superior performance in suppressing noise while preserving signal fidelity.