Quantum Blockchain for Internet of Things: A systematic review, proposed solutions and challenges

Abstract

Blockchain and IoT systems have become the focal point of extensive research efforts in academia and industry. Recent studies have honed in on utilizing Blockchain technology to enhance trust management within IoT networks. Despite the potential benefits across various applications, existing blockchain platforms hinge on digital signatures, public key cryptography, Zero-Knowledge Proofs, and hash functions, making them susceptible to attacks facilitated by Quantum computers. Motivated by these vulnerabilities, this survey paper emphasizes the importance of incorporating Quantum Blockchain technology into the IoT landscape to establish trust among IoT devices. Specifically, we provide an overview of Blockchain technology and its security implications in the context of IoT security. The primary goal of this paper is to propose a Novel Quantum Blockchain framework that protects from classical and Quantum computing attacks. For this purpose, this article examines Quantum cryptography for securing an IoT communication framework. Then, we analyze Blockchain and Quantum integration with IoT, including security primitives, recent tools, technologies, problems and solutions. The comparative analysis of classical and Blockchain cryptographic primitives with Quantum-resistant schemes is analyzed in our work. Our research outlines future avenues for exploration aimed at establishing Quantum Blockchain security to ensure secure communication within an IoT-enabled framework.