Multi-Objective Optimization for Safety in the Grounding of AC Substations

Abstract

This work proposes a multi-objective optimization problem for the optimal design of grounding systems, considering personnel safety limits and design guidelines defined in the IEEE Standard Std. 80 - IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding. The initial objective functions proposed include the amount of conductor and the number of ground rods in the grounding grid, ensuring that the mesh voltage (Em) and step voltage (Es) do not exceed the tolerable limits for the human body (Etouch and Estep). The multi-objective problem generates the Pareto front and Parallel Coordinates Plot, providing valuable insights for result analysis, sensitivity analysis, and informed decision-making for grounding system designers. The model is validated using the exercises in Annex B of IEEE Std. 80, demonstrating its ability to deliver a comprehensive analysis of results while considering the full range of feasible solutions for an optimal and safe design of AC substation grounding systems.