Deep-learning based optimal PMU placement and fault classification for power system

Abstract

Phasor measurement units (PMUs) are vital for power grid monitoring, yet their high cost restricts widespread adoption. PMU measurement data is also crucial for fault analysis in power systems. However, existing research seldom explores the interplay between optimal PMU placement (OPP) and fault analysis, impeding advancements in grid economy and security. This study introduces a perception-driven, deep learning-based optimization approach that integrates OPP, multi-task learning, and fault data augmentation. First, deep reinforcement learning optimizes PMU placement, balancing cost-effectiveness with observability requirements. Next, multi-task learning, enhanced by Bayesian optimization, improves fault classification efficiency using PMU data. Finally, pre-trained models paired with $k$-means clustering augment fault data, boosting classification accuracy. Extensive simulations across four IEEE standard test systems validate the proposed method’s effectiveness.