Advances in Understanding Long COVID: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and the Role of Omics Technologies in Biomarker Identification.

IF 4.1 3区医学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI:10.1007/s40291-025-00792-8

Mônica Duarte da Silva, Thamires Santos da Silva, Claudemir Gregório Mendes, Maria Carolina Miglino Valbão, Abraham Kwame Badu-Tawiah, Lucas Fornari Laurindo, Sandra Maria Barbalho, Rosa Direito, Maria Angélica Miglino

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Abstract

Long coronavirus disease (COVID) is a multisystem condition that affects a significant proportion of individuals following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, with persistent symptoms ranging from fatigue and cognitive dysfunction to cardiovascular disorders. It is estimated that 30-60% of infected individuals experience symptoms lasting more than 12 weeks. Despite advances in understanding acute infection, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying long COVID remain unclear. Current hypotheses suggest that viral persistence, immune dysfunction, and metabolic alterations play central roles. Omics approaches, including metabolomics, proteomics, and lipidomics, have played a crucial role in investigating molecular changes, identifying biomarkers, and refining therapeutic strategies. This review discusses recent advances in understanding long COVID, addressing its mechanisms, risk factors, the impact of viral variants, and the role of vaccination, with an emphasis on the importance of omics technologies in elucidating this condition.

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了解长冠肺炎的进展：病理生理机制和组学技术在生物标志物鉴定中的作用。

长冠状病毒病（COVID）是一种多系统疾病，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 （SARS-CoV-2）感染后的很大一部分患者会出现持续症状，从疲劳、认知功能障碍到心血管疾病。据估计，30-60%的感染者会出现持续12周以上的症状。尽管对急性感染的了解有所进展，但长期COVID的病理生理机制仍不清楚。目前的假设表明，病毒的持久性、免疫功能障碍和代谢改变起着核心作用。组学方法，包括代谢组学、蛋白质组学和脂质组学，在研究分子变化、识别生物标志物和改进治疗策略方面发挥了至关重要的作用。本文综述了在理解长冠状病毒病、解决其机制、危险因素、病毒变异的影响和疫苗接种的作用方面的最新进展，并强调了组学技术在阐明这种疾病中的重要性。

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来源期刊

Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy 医学-药学

CiteScore

7.80

自引率

2.50%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy welcomes current opinion articles on emerging or contentious issues, comprehensive narrative reviews, systematic reviews (as outlined by the PRISMA statement), original research articles (including short communications) and letters to the editor. All manuscripts are subject to peer review by international experts.