Association between maternal-infant health literacy, social support, and psychological stress during the perinatal period among women in Macao, China.

Abstract

Background: Health literacy varies in multicultural areas due to differing cultural beliefs. In Macao, a multicultural city in China, the blend of traditional Chinese and Western medicine influences health literacy, particularly in maternal-infant health. However, data on this topic are limited, hindering our understanding of healthcare in such regions.

Objectives: This study investigates maternal knowledge, social support, and psychological stress among perinatal women in Macao.

Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted with perinatal women between 28 weeks of gestation and 6 weeks postpartum.

Methods: Maternal knowledge was measured using the Maternal-Infant Health Literacy Scale, social support with the Maternal Social Support Scale, and psychological stress with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

Results: The overall maternal knowledge score of the 263 participants was relatively modest at 35.5, particularly lower in practical skills. Education level, number of childbirths and monthly income were positively correlated with maternal knowledge. The social support score was 21, indicating moderate support, while the psychological score was 8.8, reflecting generally low stress levels. No significant correlations were found between maternal knowledge and social support or stress.

Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of addressing knowledge disparities during the perinatal period in multicultural urban areas. Enhancing maternal knowledge can improve healthcare outcomes and inform culturally tailored educational programmes for diverse populations.