Validation of a novel scoring tool for assessment of the severity of coronary disease and ischaemia burden to predict major adverse cardiac events at 5 years in the 3V-FFR FRIENDS population.

Abstract

Background: Ischaemic heart disease is the most prevalent form of cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide and imposes a substantial burden on healthcare systems. Identification of patients at high risk of events in a tailored primary prevention strategy is hindered by relatively blunt risk assessment tools. A novel scoring model that allows for rapid calculation of atheroma and ischaemia burden may facilitate earlier identification of high risk individuals. Our aim was to validate the ability of a novel candidate scoring model (Functional FFR Score 2, FFS2) to predict adverse clinical events, as a proof of concept, by applying it in a cohort of patients in whom coronary artery disease was assessed by means of invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and intracoronary pressure wire.

Methods: We retrospectively applied the novel FFS2 to a population of patients in whom there was comprehensive anatomical and physiological data from ICA plus intracoronary measurement of fractional flow reserve (FFR), the 3V-FFR FRIENDS study. The FFS2 includes an anatomical and physiological component, each used to score severity. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis and area under curve (AUC) were performed for the total FFS2 score, and for its components. The best cut-off value was then used to classify patients into high and low score groups to assess association with updated 5-year major adverse cardiac events (MACE).

Results: The FFS2 was applied on 616 patients from the 3V-FFR FRIENDS population, and was associated with MACE up to 5-years follow up (4.9 % Ischaemia-driven revascularisation, 1.6 % myocardial infarction (MI), and 1.3 % cardiac death), when patients were classified into "high" and "low" risk groups according to the best cut-off value of 11.5 following the initial ROC analysis of the total FFS2 score. The calculated hazard ratio (HR) was 2.87 (95 % CI 1.50-5.49, P = 0.002) for MACE and 3.75 (95 % CI 1.79-7.89, P < 0.001) for the ischaemia-driven revascularisation in the high risk group of patients.

Conclusion: The novel FFS2 score, incorporating an assessment of total atheroma and ischaemia burden, is associated with the rate of MACE and ischaemia-driven revascularisation. Further testing of this scoring tool to primary prevention populations is now warranted.