Asymmetric Free Trade Agreements and Misalignment of Incentives: Lessons From the European Union–Turkey Customs Union

IF 3.3 1区 社会学 Q1 ECONOMICS
Zouheir El-Sahli
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Under the European Union (EU)–Turkey customs union, the EU can negotiate free trade agreements (FTAs) with third countries without Turkey's involvement. Simultaneously, Turkey is required to apply the same external tariffs and standards and negotiate its own FTAs in line with the EU. This leads to asymmetries and misalignment of incentives in Turkey's trade relationships. This study utilizes the peculiar nature of this arrangement to explore the asymmetric FTAs and their effects on Turkey and the Union. We find no effect of asymmetric FTAs on Turkish trade. This finding can be explained partially by evidence that Turkish compliance with EU tariffs is low for asymmetric FTAs. This is especially the case for the goods category in which Turkey specializes, and the divergence extends to at least 10 years after the EU signs an asymmetric FTA. As customs unions require that external trade policy be symmetric across all members for them to function optimally, this divergence in tariffs between Turkey and the EU needs to be addressed by removing the misalignment of incentives.

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不对称自由贸易协定与激励机制错位:来自欧盟-土耳其关税同盟的教训
根据欧盟-土耳其关税同盟,欧盟可以在没有土耳其参与的情况下与第三国谈判自由贸易协定(fta)。与此同时,土耳其被要求采用相同的对外关税和标准,并与欧盟谈判自己的自由贸易协定。这导致了土耳其贸易关系中激励措施的不对称和错位。本研究利用这种安排的特殊性来探讨不对称自由贸易协定及其对土耳其和欧盟的影响。我们没有发现不对称自由贸易协定对土耳其贸易的影响。有证据表明,在不对称自由贸易协定中,土耳其对欧盟关税的遵守程度很低,这可以部分解释这一发现。对于土耳其专门从事的商品类别来说尤其如此,这种差异至少会延续到欧盟签署不对称自由贸易协定后的10年。由于关税同盟要求所有成员国之间的对外贸易政策保持对称,以使其发挥最佳作用,因此土耳其与欧盟之间的关税差异需要通过消除激励措施的不一致来解决。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
18.20%
发文量
137
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