Synthesis, characterization, analytical and biological applications of a novel spectrophotometrically investigated V(V)- iodochlorhydroxyquin complex

Abstract

A concise and innovative spectrophotometric method was developed for the trace-level determination of vanadium using iodochlorhydroxyquin (ICQ), an 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative. This approach relies on chelation, forming a green V(V)-ICQ complex under acidic conditions. The complex is formed rapidly and can be extracted into the non-aqueous organic solvent chloroform, with maximum absorbance observed between 390 and 413 nm. The metal-to-ligand [M:L] stoichiometric ratio of the complex in the chloroform phase was established as 1:2 using Job’s continuous variation method and the mole ratio method. Linearity was confirmed within the vanadium(V) concentration range of 0.0–7.0 µg mL^-1. Key analytical parameters, including a molar absorption coefficient of 7.38 × 10³ L mol^-1cm^-1, standard deviation (± 0.0005), Sandell’s sensitivity (0.0069 µg·cm⁻²),% RSD (0.2 %), limit of detection (0.21 µg mL^-1), and correlation coefficient (0.999), highlighted the method’s precision, versatility, sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness. For further insights, the V(V)-ICQ complex was synthesized in a predetermined 1:2 [M:L] ratio and structurally characterized using NMR, FTIR and HR mass spectrometry. The synthesized complex was tested on various synthetic samples, including compositions analogous to standard vanadium alloys, and evaluated for its anti-bacterial, anti-cancer and DNA replication activities. The results demonstrated excellent performance, suggesting its potential for industrial and medicinal applications.