Advanced modulation format indicator for nonlinear impairments mitigation in optical transmission system: a comprehensive analytical and experimental-based approach

IF 4 3区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE

Computers & Electrical Engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI:10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110525

Farman Ali , Muhammad Bilal Arsalan , Tanzeel Ur Rahman , Haleem Afsar , Ammar Armghan , Mohammad Mahtab Alam , Muhammad Kamran Shereen , Anum Almas

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The installation of future optical transmission system (OTS) is impossible without addressing the nonlinearities, particularly transmission over long distances. Despite the advancement in modulation formats (MFs) and digital signal processing (DSP) techniques, existing models lacks to address the nonlinear distortions in high capacity and multi-channel systems. Furthermore, current techniques lack to the flexibility to dynamically adapt to varying modulation schemes in heterogeneous network (HetNet). Therefore, a smart mechanism is needed through which the nonlinearities can be minimized and huge capacity data can be easily transformed up to long range. To tackle above limitations, a novel modulation format indicator (MFI) procedure is proposed in terms of amplitude deviation (AD) analysis at the received side of the optical transmission system. Firstly, a comprehensive analytical model is developed to model the nonlinear distortions, arising from high data rates, long distance and multi-channel transmissions. Secondly, the proposed MFI technique is designed to accurately identify and compensate for MFs variations, thereby improving the quality signal and reducing error rates. Thirdly, the validation and simulation are estimated using bit error rate (BER) and optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) across various MFs like polarization division multiplexing (PDM) and high order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) schemes. The proposed scheme is discussed using a detailed mathematical background, which is then validated with simulation model. The outcomes of the simulation model declare that proposed model generates the results below forward error correction (FEC) threshold. Furthermore, the proposed system has successfully minimized the impacts of nonlinearities on long haul OTS.

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用于光传输系统非线性损伤缓解的先进调制格式指示器：一种综合分析和实验方法

如果不解决非线性问题，特别是长距离传输问题，未来光传输系统（OTS）的安装是不可能的。尽管调制格式（MFs）和数字信号处理（DSP）技术取得了进步，但现有模型无法解决大容量和多通道系统中的非线性失真问题。此外，目前的技术缺乏灵活性，无法动态适应异构网络（HetNet）中不同的调制方案。因此，需要一种智能的机制，通过该机制可以最小化非线性，并且可以轻松地将大容量数据转换为长距离数据。针对上述局限性，提出了一种基于光传输系统接收端振幅偏差（AD）分析的调制格式指示器（MFI）方法。首先，建立了一个综合的分析模型来模拟高速率、长距离和多通道传输引起的非线性失真。其次，本文提出的MFI技术能够准确识别和补偿MFI的变化，从而提高信号质量，降低误差率。第三，利用误码率（BER）和光信噪比（OSNR）在不同的MFs（如偏振分复用（PDM）和高阶正交调幅（QAM）方案）中进行验证和仿真。在详细的数学背景下讨论了所提出的方案，并用仿真模型进行了验证。仿真结果表明，该模型产生的结果低于前向误差校正（FEC）阈值。此外，所提出的系统成功地减少了非线性对长途OTS的影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Computers & Electrical Engineering 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

9.20

自引率

7.00%

发文量

661

审稿时长

47 days

期刊介绍： The impact of computers has nowhere been more revolutionary than in electrical engineering. The design, analysis, and operation of electrical and electronic systems are now dominated by computers, a transformation that has been motivated by the natural ease of interface between computers and electrical systems, and the promise of spectacular improvements in speed and efficiency. Published since 1973, Computers & Electrical Engineering provides rapid publication of topical research into the integration of computer technology and computational techniques with electrical and electronic systems. The journal publishes papers featuring novel implementations of computers and computational techniques in areas like signal and image processing, high-performance computing, parallel processing, and communications. Special attention will be paid to papers describing innovative architectures, algorithms, and software tools.