A Photophosphorylation Nanobot for Restoring Anabolism of Myocardial Injury

Abstract

Myocardial injury poses a significant obstacle due to the limited capacity for self-repair or dysfunction in ATP generation, leading to mortality risks worldwide. Here, we present a photophosphorylation nanobot capable of actively targeting therapeutics for myocardial injury in zebrafish larvae by accelerating the supply of ATP. Janus photophosphorylation nanobots are created through mechanical extrusion-assisted phase separation, forming asymmetric F_oF₁-ATPases embedded in a proteoliposome. Light-induced synergistic rotation of F_oF₁-ATPase significantly enhances the effective translational diffusion of nanobots by 89%, accompanying the photophosphorylation for generating ATP. The photophosphorylation nanobots display cell-like adaptive positive phototaxis motion and a phototactic swarm. These programmable phototactic nanobots can actively target the heart, improve intracellular ATP concentration to restore cellular metabolism, and finally repair myocardial injury. Such self-propelled and maneuverable nanobots that can actively modulate cellular energy metabolism in vivo hold considerable promise for advancing the targeted regulation of diseases associated with bioenergy metabolism in the future.