Time to inclusion of selected medicines for priority diseases in National Essential Medicines Lists compared with the WHO Model List.

IF 7.1 2区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

BMJ Global Health Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI:10.1136/bmjgh-2024-018550

Moska Hellamand, Tessa E Moleman, Annet P Post, Aukje K Mantel-Teeuwisse, Fatima Suleman, Hendrika A van den Ham

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: The WHO maintains a Model List of Essential Medicines, which guides countries in developing their National Essential Medicines List (NEML) to improve access to medicines. We aimed to assess the time it took for countries to adjust their NEMLs when medicines were added or deleted from the WHO Model List and if this differed between priority diseases.

Methods: We extracted medicines added or deleted from the WHO Model List (2007-2021) for selected priority diseases: diabetes, hepatitis C, HIV, oncology and tuberculosis. These medicines were compared with NEMLs from 20 countries; reimbursement lists (RLs) were used in the absence of an NEML. The time to inclusion in NEMLs/RLs and the percentage of included medicines in the most recent NEML/RL were assessed.

Results: 90 medicines were added, and 15 medicines were deleted from the WHO Model List. Low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) mostly included medicines in NEMLs after their addition to the WHO Model List (median: 1 year), and high-income countries prior to addition (median: -9 years). Medicines for HIV (62%) and tuberculosis (59%) were most frequently included in the most recent NEML/RL. High-income countries included the most medicines for diabetes (86%) and oncology (67%).

Conclusions: The WHO Model List may be a guiding tool for selecting medicines in LMICs, although it is applied differently between the priority diseases included in the present study. More medicines could be included in NEMLs for non-communicable diseases, which impose a large health burden on LMICs, as a first step to ensure their sustainable access.

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与世卫组织标准清单相比，将治疗重点疾病的选定药物列入国家基本药物清单所需时间。

导言：世卫组织维持一份基本药物标准清单，指导各国制定其国家基本药物清单，以改善药物可及性。我们的目的是评估当药物被添加或从世卫组织标准清单中删除时，各国调整其NEMLs所需的时间，以及这在重点疾病之间是否存在差异。方法：我们提取了世界卫生组织标准清单（2007-2021）中增加或删除的药物，用于选定的重点疾病：糖尿病、丙型肝炎、艾滋病毒、肿瘤和结核病。将这些药物与来自20个国家的neml进行比较；在没有NEML的情况下使用了报销清单。评估了纳入NEML/RL所需的时间以及最近的NEML/RL中纳入药物的百分比。结果：世卫组织标准清单增加了90种药物，删除了15种药物。低收入和中等收入国家在将药物列入世卫组织标准清单后（中位数：1年）和高收入国家在加入之前（中位数：-9年）大多将药物列入国家药品清单。艾滋病毒药物（62%）和结核病药物（59%）最常被列入最新的国家药品清单。高收入国家将大多数用于糖尿病（86%）和肿瘤（67%）的药物列入其中。结论：世卫组织标准清单可能是中低收入国家选择药物的指导工具，尽管在本研究所包括的重点疾病之间的应用有所不同。非传染性疾病给中低收入国家造成了巨大的健康负担，作为确保可持续获得这些疾病的第一步，可将更多药物纳入国家药品清单。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

BMJ Global Health Medicine-Health Policy

CiteScore

11.40

自引率

4.90%

发文量

429

审稿时长

18 weeks

期刊介绍： BMJ Global Health is an online Open Access journal from BMJ that focuses on publishing high-quality peer-reviewed content pertinent to individuals engaged in global health, including policy makers, funders, researchers, clinicians, and frontline healthcare workers. The journal encompasses all facets of global health, with a special emphasis on submissions addressing underfunded areas such as non-communicable diseases (NCDs). It welcomes research across all study phases and designs, from study protocols to phase I trials to meta-analyses, including small or specialized studies. The journal also encourages opinionated discussions on controversial topics.