Synthesis and Characterization of Cationic and Non-Ionic Surfactant Added Organomodified Montmorillonite and the Effect on Migration Characteristics for Starch-Based Film Materials

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Food Science Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI:10.1111/1750-3841.70339

Semra Çavuş, Muhammet Arıcı

{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Cationic and Non-Ionic Surfactant Added Organomodified Montmorillonite and the Effect on Migration Characteristics for Starch-Based Film Materials","authors":"Semra Çavuş, Muhammet Arıcı","doi":"10.1111/1750-3841.70339","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> ABSTRACT</h3>\n \n <p>The separation of montmorillonite (Mt) clay platelets was achieved and optimized through organic modification using cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide [CTAB]) and non-ionic (Tween80) surfactants. Organomodified Mt (oMt) was characterized via particle size analysis, zeta potential, conductivity measurements, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Particle size analysis revealed synergy interaction between surfactants and clay. In CTAB-modified oMt, zeta potential shifted from negative to positive values, indicating increased surface potential. Conductivity decreased upon reaching critical micelle concentration (CMC) level, suggesting micelle formation. FT-IR confirmed the attachment of surfactant functional groups to Mt, whereas XRD verified clay platelet intercalation in both surfactant-modified organoclays. Optimized organoclays were incorporated into starch-based biomaterials, and overall migration as well as specific migration of aluminum (Al) from the resulting bionanocomposite films were assessed for food packaging in accordance with the European Union (EU) and Turkish regulations. The addition of organoclay in matrix effectively lowered overall migration results below the regulatory limit (10 mg/dm<sup>2</sup>) with hydrophilic and acidic food simulants, meeting strict food safety requirements. In specific migration analysis, it was found that although the incorporation of organoclay into biomaterial led to an increase in aluminum migration with acidic simulant, the results remained below the regulation limit (1 mg/kg); meanwhile, the migration levels with aqueous simulant were below the limit of quantification. Moreover, organoclay incorporation significantly decreased both the water absorption capacity and the water solubility of the resulting nanocomposite films. These findings highlight the potential applicability of the developed bionanocomposites for food packaging applications.</p>\n \n <p><b>Practical Application</b>: The successful expansion of organoclay layers was achieved through the use of different surfactants within layered Mt clay. The use of modified organoclays as nanofillers in starch-based biomaterials and the migration of substances from material into acidic and hydrophilic simulants were significantly reduced, bringing them within regulatory limits, resulting in more hydrophobic and stable food packaging materials. Starch-based nanocomposite biopolymers, showing promising potential as substitutes for petroleum-based polymers in food packaging, can guide the safe future use of food packaging, supporting a more sustainable and eco-friendly industry.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":193,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science","volume":"90 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1750-3841.70339","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Food Science","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1750-3841.70339","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The separation of montmorillonite (Mt) clay platelets was achieved and optimized through organic modification using cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide [CTAB]) and non-ionic (Tween80) surfactants. Organomodified Mt (oMt) was characterized via particle size analysis, zeta potential, conductivity measurements, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Particle size analysis revealed synergy interaction between surfactants and clay. In CTAB-modified oMt, zeta potential shifted from negative to positive values, indicating increased surface potential. Conductivity decreased upon reaching critical micelle concentration (CMC) level, suggesting micelle formation. FT-IR confirmed the attachment of surfactant functional groups to Mt, whereas XRD verified clay platelet intercalation in both surfactant-modified organoclays. Optimized organoclays were incorporated into starch-based biomaterials, and overall migration as well as specific migration of aluminum (Al) from the resulting bionanocomposite films were assessed for food packaging in accordance with the European Union (EU) and Turkish regulations. The addition of organoclay in matrix effectively lowered overall migration results below the regulatory limit (10 mg/dm²) with hydrophilic and acidic food simulants, meeting strict food safety requirements. In specific migration analysis, it was found that although the incorporation of organoclay into biomaterial led to an increase in aluminum migration with acidic simulant, the results remained below the regulation limit (1 mg/kg); meanwhile, the migration levels with aqueous simulant were below the limit of quantification. Moreover, organoclay incorporation significantly decreased both the water absorption capacity and the water solubility of the resulting nanocomposite films. These findings highlight the potential applicability of the developed bionanocomposites for food packaging applications.

Practical Application: The successful expansion of organoclay layers was achieved through the use of different surfactants within layered Mt clay. The use of modified organoclays as nanofillers in starch-based biomaterials and the migration of substances from material into acidic and hydrophilic simulants were significantly reduced, bringing them within regulatory limits, resulting in more hydrophobic and stable food packaging materials. Starch-based nanocomposite biopolymers, showing promising potential as substitutes for petroleum-based polymers in food packaging, can guide the safe future use of food packaging, supporting a more sustainable and eco-friendly industry.

查看原文本刊更多论文

添加有机改性蒙脱土的阳离子和非离子表面活性剂的合成、表征及其对淀粉基薄膜材料迁移特性的影响

摘要采用阳离子（十六烷基三甲基溴化铵[CTAB]）和非离子（Tween80）表面活性剂进行有机改性，实现了蒙脱土（Mt）粘土薄片的分离。通过粒度分析、zeta电位、电导率测量、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和x射线衍射（XRD）对有机改性Mt （oMt）进行了表征。粒度分析表明表面活性剂与粘土之间存在协同作用。在ctab修饰的oMt中，zeta电位由负值变为正值，表明表面电位增加。当达到临界胶束浓度（CMC）时，电导率下降，表明胶束形成。FT-IR证实了表面活性剂官能团与Mt的附着，而XRD证实了两种表面活性剂修饰的有机粘土中都有粘土血小板嵌入。将优化后的有机粘土掺入淀粉基生物材料中，并根据欧盟和土耳其法规评估了铝（Al）从所得生物复合膜中的总体迁移和比迁移。在基质中添加有机粘土有效地降低了亲水和酸性食品模拟剂的总体迁移结果，低于规定限值（10 mg/dm2），满足严格的食品安全要求。在比迁移分析中发现，虽然有机粘土掺入生物材料会导致酸性模拟剂对铝的迁移增加，但结果仍低于规定限值（1 mg/kg）；同时，水模拟剂的迁移水平低于定量限制。此外，有机粘土的掺入显著降低了纳米复合膜的吸水能力和水溶性。这些发现突出了开发的生物纳米复合材料在食品包装应用中的潜在适用性。实际应用：通过在层状Mt粘土中使用不同的表面活性剂，实现了有机粘土层的成功扩展。改性有机粘土作为纳米填料在淀粉基生物材料中的使用，以及物质从材料向酸性和亲水模拟物的迁移显著减少，使其处于法规限制范围内，从而产生更疏水和稳定的食品包装材料。淀粉基纳米复合生物聚合物作为食品包装中石油基聚合物的替代品，显示出巨大的潜力，可以指导未来食品包装的安全使用，支持一个更可持续和环保的行业。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Journal of Food Science 工程技术-食品科技

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

2.60%

发文量

412

审稿时长

3.1 months

期刊介绍： The goal of the Journal of Food Science is to offer scientists, researchers, and other food professionals the opportunity to share knowledge of scientific advancements in the myriad disciplines affecting their work, through a respected peer-reviewed publication. The Journal of Food Science serves as an international forum for vital research and developments in food science. The range of topics covered in the journal include: -Concise Reviews and Hypotheses in Food Science -New Horizons in Food Research -Integrated Food Science -Food Chemistry -Food Engineering, Materials Science, and Nanotechnology -Food Microbiology and Safety -Sensory and Consumer Sciences -Health, Nutrition, and Food -Toxicology and Chemical Food Safety The Journal of Food Science publishes peer-reviewed articles that cover all aspects of food science, including safety and nutrition. Reviews should be 15 to 50 typewritten pages (including tables, figures, and references), should provide in-depth coverage of a narrowly defined topic, and should embody careful evaluation (weaknesses, strengths, explanation of discrepancies in results among similar studies) of all pertinent studies, so that insightful interpretations and conclusions can be presented. Hypothesis papers are especially appropriate in pioneering areas of research or important areas that are afflicted by scientific controversy.