Eco-friendly and high-efficiency Halon replacement fire suppressant: Mechanistic and application insights into the synergistic effects of 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Combustion and Flame Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI:10.1016/j.combustflame.2025.114295

Yitao Liu, Jun Wang, Huiming Sun, Ruiyu Chen , Ying Xu, Renming Pan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

To develop an efficient, eco-friendly Halon replacement, this study investigates a composite fire suppressant of perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone (C₆F₁₂O) and 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (2-BTP). Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the components’ compatibility, and a 72-h static test validated their combined physicochemical stability. Experimental trials using a custom cup burner platform evaluated fire suppression performance by measuring minimum extinguishing concentration (MEC), flame temperature and morphology at varying 2-BTP concentrations. Synergistic factors were calculated to quantify the components' synergistic effects. Combustion products were analyzed with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) to examine chemical interactions during combustion inhibition. Results showed that the composite suppressant maintains excellent thermodynamic stability and compatibility across temperature ranges. Increasing the 2-BTP fraction from 0 to 50 % decreased the boiling point from 49.0°C to 34.6°C and the MEC from 4.6 % to 2.98 %, while reducing flame temperature, height, and initially decreasing flame area. Product analysis suggested that physical and chemical synergy between C₆F₁₂O and 2-BTP effectively disrupts the combustion chain reaction, improving fire suppression efficiency. At a 50 % 2-BTP to C₆F₁₂O ratio, the suppressant achieved optimal physical and chemical inhibition effects, representing the most cost-effective composition.

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环保高效替代哈龙灭火剂：2-溴-3,3,3-三氟丙烯与全氟-2-甲基-3-戊酮协同作用机理及应用研究

为了开发一种高效、环保的哈龙替代品，本研究研究了全氟-2-甲基-3-戊酮（c6f120）和2-溴-3,3,3-三氟丙烯（2-BTP）的复合灭火剂。分子动力学模拟证实了组分的相容性，72小时静态测试验证了它们的组合物理化学稳定性。使用定制杯式燃烧器平台的实验试验通过测量不同2-BTP浓度下的最低灭火浓度（MEC）、火焰温度和形态来评估灭火性能。计算协同因子，量化各组分的协同效应。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）和电子顺磁共振（EPR）分析燃烧产物，考察燃烧抑制过程中的化学相互作用。结果表明，复合抑制剂在不同温度范围内保持了良好的热力学稳定性和相容性。将2-BTP分数从0提高到50%，沸点从49.0℃降低到34.6℃，MEC从4.6%降低到2.98%，火焰温度、高度降低，火焰面积初步减小。产物分析表明，c6f120与2-BTP之间的物理化学协同作用有效地破坏了燃烧链式反应，提高了灭火效率。当2-BTP与c6f120的比例为50%时，该抑制剂获得了最佳的物理和化学抑制效果，是最具成本效益的组合物。

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来源期刊

Combustion and Flame 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

9.50

自引率

20.50%

发文量

631

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： The mission of the journal is to publish high quality work from experimental, theoretical, and computational investigations on the fundamentals of combustion phenomena and closely allied matters. While submissions in all pertinent areas are welcomed, past and recent focus of the journal has been on: Development and validation of reaction kinetics, reduction of reaction mechanisms and modeling of combustion systems, including: Conventional, alternative and surrogate fuels; Pollutants; Particulate and aerosol formation and abatement; Heterogeneous processes. Experimental, theoretical, and computational studies of laminar and turbulent combustion phenomena, including: Premixed and non-premixed flames; Ignition and extinction phenomena; Flame propagation; Flame structure; Instabilities and swirl; Flame spread; Multi-phase reactants. Advances in diagnostic and computational methods in combustion, including: Measurement and simulation of scalar and vector properties; Novel techniques; State-of-the art applications. Fundamental investigations of combustion technologies and systems, including: Internal combustion engines; Gas turbines; Small- and large-scale stationary combustion and power generation; Catalytic combustion; Combustion synthesis; Combustion under extreme conditions; New concepts.