Pediatric methamphetamine poisoning: Case report of a one-year-old child.

Abstract

Methamphetamine is a derivative of amphetamine and is widely abused across the globe. It is highly addictive and acts as a potent stimulant of the central nervous system (CNS). Due to its lipophilic nature, methamphetamine easily crosses the blood-brain barrier, leading to significant neurological dysfunctions and even neuronal degeneration. The clinical signs and symptoms of methamphetamine intoxication can vary considerably depending on factors such as the dose ingested, route of administration, duration of exposure (acute and/or chronic), and method of use. Common clinical manifestations include euphoria, increased energy, insomnia, anxiety, substance-induced psychosis, decreased appetite, weight loss, heightened self-confidence, increased libido, fever, tachycardia, sweating, hypertension, tremors, mydriasis, blurred vision, and seizures. Children are particularly vulnerable, as their metabolism and nervous systems are more sensitive compared to adults, making the toxic effects more pronounced. Accidental ingestion of drugs and other substances is a frequent occurrence in pediatric populations and can lead to severe health complications. Therefore, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to promptly and accurately evaluate and manage such poisoning cases. This case report presents the clinical findings, diagnostic process, and treatment management of a one-year-old male child who accidentally ingested crystal methamphetamine orally. Additionally, the report highlights key aspects of effective case management, emphasizes preventive measures to reduce the risk of accidental drug and substance ingestion in children, and aims to raise awareness on this issue.