Patient perceptions on the acceptability and appropriateness of mental health screening and follow-up in national dental practice-based research network practices.

Abstract

Background: Mental health disorders pose a significant public health challenge in the USA. Early detection through screening can improve quality of life by facilitating timely access to mental health resources. Dental practices, which often have continuity of care with their patients and routinely conduct medical screenings, represent an underutilized setting for mental health screening.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of mental health screening and follow-up procedures within dental practice workflows by assessing patient experiences and perceptions using the RE-AIM and Implementation Outcomes Framework (IOF) approaches.

Methods: The study included five private dental practices from the South Central region of the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network. Dental office personnel were trained to administer mental health screenings to eligible adult patients during routine visits. Participants completed validated screening instruments for depression (PHQ-2), anxiety (GAD-2), substance use (CAGE-AID), and suicide risk (C-SSRS). Dental Personnel adhered to the screening and follow-up procedures. Positive screenings prompted a follow-up conversation and an information sheet that included local mental health resources. We calculated the RE-AIM components of Reach and Adoption and evaluated the IOF components of patient acceptability and appropriateness using postvisit survey items and open-ended questions.

Results: The study achieved a 75% reach rate, with 36 of 48 approached subjects participating. There was also a high adoption rate, with all 5 dental practices and 94% of dental office personnel participating in the intervention. Overall, participants generally found the zacceptable and appropriate. Participants who screened positive reported slightly lower comfort and appropriateness levels.

Conclusions: Patients consider implementing mental health screening and follow-up in dental practices appropriate and acceptable. Dental practice settings offer a promising venue for early detection of mental health concerns, potentially enhancing access to care and improving overall health outcomes.