The sternum as a key to identity: enhancing biological profiling in forensic science

Abstract

Purpose

Forensic anthropometry focuses on the precise measurement and analysis of human skeletal elements, which is crucial for constructing biological profiles in forensic investigations. This examination specifically looks at the forensic applications of the sternum, concentrating on its role in estimating sex, stature, and age.

Method

The review emphasizes the importance of the combined length of the manubrium and sternal body for accurate estimations of sex and stature, particularly in challenging cases. It explores age estimation based on morphological changes and ossification patterns, noting promising results from some studies. The examination also discusses the integration of digital tools such as 3D imaging and advanced morphometric software to enhance the precision and reliability of sternum-based analyses.

Results

The review highlights the sternum’s benefits for estimating sex and stature, as well as the potential for age estimation. Despite the recognized advantages, it points out gaps in the current research, particularly the lack of studies on ancestry estimation.

Conclusion

The review offers a thorough overview of the sternum’s forensic value and calls for ongoing research to improve accuracy and broaden its application. It underscores the evolving importance of forensic anthropometry, emphasizing how technological advancements are revolutionizing the analysis of skeletal remains and expanding the capabilities of forensic investigators. The findings highlight the necessity of continued research and innovation in refining sternum-based identification methods for forensic and anthropological applications.