Experiences and perceptions of physical healthcare among adult autistic patients: A scoping review

Abstract

Background and purpose

The number of people diagnosed with autism is increasing globally, and autism is associated with poorer health outcomes. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding how physical healthcare is experienced and perceived by adult autistic patients. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide an overview of the research on adult autistic patients’ experiences and perceptions of physical health care.

Results

Sixteen articles from four databases were included. They originated from the US, Europe, and Australia. Most of the articles were published between 2022 and 2024 and employed qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods approaches. Adult autistic patients’ experiences and perceptions of physical healthcare concerned various aspects, including the healthcare organization, rooms and spaces, healthcare staff, and physical examinations and treatments. The patients need opportunities to engage in written communication with healthcare staff, as well as waiting room environments that are low-sensory in nature.

Conclusions

Overall, the findings indicated that the healthcare needs of adult autistic patients were not being met, particularly concerning communication and sensory impressions. Additionally, there is a need for further research on inpatient hospital care as well as physical examinations and treatments.