Cognitive rehabilitation for patients with acquired brain injury.

IF 2.1
Current opinion in anaesthesiology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-20 DOI:10.1097/ACO.0000000000001520
Francesca Pisano, Gaetano Rizzo, Federico Bilotta
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Abstract

Purpose of review: Acquired brain injury (ABI) is a major cause of long-term cognitive and functional disability. This review synthesizes recent findings (2023-2025) on four core rehabilitation strategies - physical exercise, cognitive training, noninvasive brain stimulation, and virtual reality - aimed at enhancing cognitive recovery in patients with ABI.

Recent findings: Physical exercise promotes neuroplasticity and facilitates both motor and cognitive improvements, especially when delivered early and tailored to individual profiles. Cognitive rehabilitation, particularly when technology-assisted, has demonstrated greater efficacy in enhancing attention, memory, and executive functions compared with conventional approaches. Noninvasive brain stimulation serves as a valuable adjuvant approach, modulating cognition-related cortical networks and augmenting the efficacy of standard rehabilitation protocols. Virtual reality provides immersive and adaptable environments that improve cognitive performance, patient engagement, and psychosocial well-being.

Summary: Current evidence supports the clinical relevance of integrating multimodal, patient-centered rehabilitation approaches for ABI. Standardization of treatment protocols and identification of response predictors are critical to improve accessibility, efficacy, and scalability. These interventions are particularly relevant in perioperative and critical care settings, where early cognitive recovery may significantly influence long-term neurological and functional outcomes.

获得性脑损伤患者的认知康复。
回顾目的:获得性脑损伤(ABI)是长期认知和功能障碍的主要原因。这篇综述综合了最近(2023-2025)关于四种核心康复策略的研究结果——体育锻炼、认知训练、无创脑刺激和虚拟现实——旨在增强ABI患者的认知恢复。最近的研究发现:体育锻炼可以促进神经可塑性,促进运动和认知能力的提高,尤其是在早期进行并根据个人情况量身定制的情况下。与传统方法相比,认知康复,特别是在技术辅助下,在增强注意力、记忆力和执行功能方面表现出更大的功效。无创脑刺激作为一种有价值的辅助方法,调节认知相关的皮质网络,增强标准康复方案的疗效。虚拟现实提供了沉浸式和适应性强的环境,可以改善认知表现、患者参与和社会心理健康。总结:目前的证据支持整合多模式、以患者为中心的ABI康复方法的临床相关性。治疗方案的标准化和反应预测因素的确定对于提高可及性、疗效和可扩展性至关重要。这些干预措施在围手术期和重症监护环境中尤为重要,在这些环境中,早期认知恢复可能会显著影响长期的神经和功能预后。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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