Investigating the effectiveness of nonpolysomnography diagnostic methods used in sleep disorders in predicting the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Abstract

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by recurrent apnea/hypopneas that cause a decrease in oxygen saturation during sleep. Male sex, greater age, obesity, large neck circumference (NC) and hypertension (HT) increase the tendency to OSAS. Diagnosis is important in terms of prognosis and selection of appropriate treatment. Polysomnography (PSG), which is the gold standard diagnostic method, is expensive, time-consuming and requires special equipment, therefore care must be taken in selecting patients for PSG. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Berlin, STOP-BANG and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) in predicting the diagnosis of OSAS by comparing with PSG.

Materials and methods: In our study, 136 patients who underwent PSG at the Sleeping Unit in Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, and sleep questionnaires were applied to patients at their admissions. Apnea-hypopnea index values of the patients were compared with the questionnaires.

Result: Of the patients, 82 (60.3%) were males, and mean age of the patients who participated in the study was 50.9 years. Mean body-mass index (BMI) of all patients was 31.9 kg/m2. It was observed that 56 (41.2%) of the patients had a diagnosis of HT. Mean NC was 41.9 cm. The most effective questionnaire for predicting the diagnosis of OSAS was determined as STOPBANG Questionnaire (%98), was followed by the Berlin Questionnaire (%88). ESS (%63) was found to be the least effective questionnaire.

Conclusions: OSAS is a common syndrome with high morbidity in the population; it is important to suspect and diagnose the disease. It was concluded that the STOP-BANG Questionnaire, which includes parameters such as symptoms, age, BMI, NC and HT, is highly effective in patient selection for PSG and may help clinicians to predict the diagnosis of OSAS.