Exploring RISC-V long vector capabilities: A case study in Earth Sciences

Abstract

This paper investigates the performance of Earth Sciences codes, specifically SeisSol and MiniFALL3D, on a RISC-V-based CPU featuring a long vector processing unit. The study focuses on optimizing these applications for improved computational efficiency while maintaining portability. For SeisSol, we explore batched GEMM implementations to enhance performance by leveraging instruction-level parallelism. MiniFALL3D’s optimization involves improving vectorization by modifying the source code, such as replacing functions with subroutines and flattening multidimensional arrays. The vectorization process is always left to the compiler to ensure code portability. The study is conducted using both a software emulator and a hardware prototype of the RISC-V vector architecture called EPAC. The performance of both applications is evaluated across different HPC platforms, including EPAC (based on RISC-V), MareNostrum 4 (powered by Sapphire Rapids CPUs), and the NEC SX-Aurora Tsubasa accelerator. We aim to provide insights into adapting Earth Sciences codes for modern high-performance computing systems while demonstrating the potential of RISC-V vector architectures. Ultimately, all modifications made to improve performance on the RISC-V long vector architecture are shown to be beneficial on other HPC architectures with different vector capabilities. This highlights the importance of maintaining code portability while relying on the compiler’s powerful auto-vectorization capabilities.