Demographic, temporal, and spatial analysis of human animal bite cases in Mymensingh District, Bangladesh.

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Pub Date : 2025-06-09 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0012204

Chandra Shaker Chouhan, Abu Raihan, Md Manik Mia, Subarna Banerjee, Ishmam Shahriar, Proggananda Nath, Jasim M Uddin, Md Amimul Ehsan, Michael P Ward, A K M Anisur Rahman

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the demographic, temporal, and spatial characteristics of animal bite (AB) cases in humans across 12 Upazilas within Mymensingh district of Bangladesh.

Methods: Retrospective hospital-based data from individual AB cases for 2022 and 2023 were collected from S.K Hospital. The dataset included information on victim demographics, bite details, vaccination information, and Rabies Immune Globulin (RIG) administration. Additionally, monthly case counts from 2016 to 2024 were sourced and analyzed to identify trends. Descriptive statistics and time series analysis using the seasonal decomposition technique were conducted. Risk maps for animal bites in 2022 and 2023 were generated using a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) approach.

Findings: An almost two-fold increase in the proportion of category 3 bites receiving RIG from 3.6% in 2022 to 6.5% in 2023 was noted. Only 9.7% (2022) and 16.9% (2023) of bite victims received PEP on the day of exposure, whereas 76.5% (2022) and 84.6% (2023) received PEP within 24 hours. Moreover, significant seasonal patterns and annual increasing trends in AB cases were observed. Males and children under 14 years old had a higher risk of being bitten. Dogs (48.2% in 2022) and cats (52.6% in 2023) were identified as the primary animals responsible for the bites. Notably, the legs were the body part most frequently bitten. The bites risk map identified four high risk Upazilas.

Conclusion: Despite improvements in PEP coverage achieved within 24 hours, a critical gap remains in same-day PEP coverage in both years. The study results also suggest other potential improvements in healthcare practices or treatment protocols, and the need for a veterinary surveillance system. Increasing AB cases highlight the need to enhance surveillance and control measures. Targeted awareness campaigns tailored to high-risk groups such as males and children under 14 years of age, along with preventive programs focused on dogs are imperative. Coordinated One Health efforts among healthcare professionals, veterinarians, policymakers, and community stakeholders are crucial to effectively mitigate the incidence of AB cases, safeguarding public health and eliminate dog mediated rabies by 2030 in the region.

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孟加拉国Mymensingh地区人类动物咬伤病例的人口统计学、时间和空间分析。

目的：本研究旨在分析孟加拉国Mymensingh地区12个Upazilas人类动物咬伤（AB）病例的人口统计学、时间和空间特征。方法：回顾性收集S.K医院2022年和2023年AB病例的住院资料。该数据集包括受害者人口统计信息、咬伤细节、疫苗接种信息和狂犬病免疫球蛋白（RIG）管理。此外，还收集并分析了2016年至2024年的每月病例数，以确定趋势。采用季节分解技术进行描述性统计和时间序列分析。采用标准化发生率比（SIR）方法绘制了2022年和2023年动物咬伤风险图。研究结果：报告指出，接受狂犬病免疫球蛋白（RIG）治疗的3类咬伤比例从2022年的3.6%增加到2023年的6.5%，几乎增加了两倍。只有9.7%（2022年）和16.9%（2023年）的咬伤者在接触当天接受了PEP，而76.5%（2022年）和84.6%（2023年）的咬伤者在24小时内接受了PEP。此外，AB病例有明显的季节性和年递增趋势。男性和14岁以下儿童被咬伤的风险更高。狗（2022年为48.2%）和猫（2023年为52.6%）被确定为造成咬伤的主要动物。值得注意的是，腿是最常被咬的身体部位。咬伤风险图确定了四个高风险的Upazilas。结论：尽管24小时内PEP覆盖率有所提高，但在这两年中，当天PEP覆盖率仍然存在严重差距。研究结果还提出了在医疗实践或治疗方案方面的其他潜在改进，以及建立兽医监测系统的必要性。AB病例的增加凸显了加强监测和控制措施的必要性。针对高危人群（如男性和14岁以下儿童）的有针对性的宣传活动，以及以狗为重点的预防项目，都是必不可少的。卫生保健专业人员、兽医、政策制定者和社区利益相关者之间的协调一致的One Health努力对于有效降低AB病例的发病率、保障公众健康和到2030年在该地区消除犬介导的狂犬病至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases PARASITOLOGY-TROPICAL MEDICINE

自引率

10.50%

发文量

723

期刊介绍： PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases publishes research devoted to the pathology, epidemiology, prevention, treatment and control of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), as well as relevant public policy. The NTDs are defined as a group of poverty-promoting chronic infectious diseases, which primarily occur in rural areas and poor urban areas of low-income and middle-income countries. Their impact on child health and development, pregnancy, and worker productivity, as well as their stigmatizing features limit economic stability. All aspects of these diseases are considered, including: Pathogenesis Clinical features Pharmacology and treatment Diagnosis Epidemiology Vector biology Vaccinology and prevention Demographic, ecological and social determinants Public health and policy aspects (including cost-effectiveness analyses).