Recent Trends in Perovskite Quantum Dots-Based S-Scheme Photocatalysis for CO2 Photoreduction

Abstract

Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs)-based S-scheme heterojunctions are evolving as a cutting-edge approach for driving effective CO₂ photoreduction, providing a sustainable way for addressing global energy needs as well as environmental challenges. This review paper delves into the progressions in PQD-based S-scheme heterojunctions, highlighting their exclusive synthesis methods, characterization techniques, photocatalytic mechanisms, catalytic efficiency, as well as potential applications. The S-scheme junctions not only improve the spatial isolation of photogenerated charge carriers but also reserve high oxidation/reduction potentials, enabling efficient CO₂ photoreduction into value-added CO and CH₄ products. Herein, the roles of lead-based and lead-free PQDs heterojunctions are classified, focusing on their synergistic integration with other catalytic materials, amended CO₂ adsorption, and higher stability under photocatalytic environments. Various challenges, long-term durability, as well as scalability are also highlighted alongside future perspectives for enhancing structural design and exploring novel compositions. By scientifically bridging the gap between lead-based efficacy and lead-free sustainability, this paper highlights the transformative potential of PQDs-based S-scheme heterojunctions. These materials pave the pathway for advanced photoactive catalysts capable of addressing serious energy as well as environmental issues, fostering novelty in CO₂ reduction processes.