Evaluation of infant feeding knowledge and practices of mothers in rural communities of Uttarakhand India: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Introduction

Appropriate feeding is essential for ensuring optimal growth and development of infants. More than 50 % of the infants in Uttarakhand rely on formula feeding. It ranks third in infant mortality in India due to improper feeding practices, poor hygiene, and infections. This study aims to assess the knowledge and practices of the mothers regarding infant feeding.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, to evaluate their knowledge and practices related to infant feeding. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed to identify key gaps in the population.

Results

Most mothers (86.40 %) had a basic understanding of infant feeding, with the highest proficiency in feeding techniques (72 %), and the lowest in general feeding knowledge (62.42 %). About 40 % of mothers comprehended the risks associated with animal milk allergies, and only 24 % were aware of the possibility of ear infections from supine bottle feeding. Besides, only 37.60 % of mothers were aware of using Bisphenol A-free feeding bottles, while 51.20 % recognized that the feeding bottles should be replaced every two to three months. Moreover, 45 % of mothers continued to practice both complementary feeding and breastfeeding beyond six months.

Conclusion

The mothers demonstrated moderate infant feeding knowledge and practices, and the key areas requiring improvement include optimal nutritional sources, benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, risks associated with formula and animal milk feeding, alternative feeding methods, and proper weaning practices. Focused education and training interventions are necessary to enhance infant feeding practices and reduce infection-related morbidities.