Circulating short-chain fatty acids and Mediterranean food patterns. A potential role for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk: The Di@bet.es Study.

IF 7 1区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Gemma Llauradó, Lídia Cedó, Elisenda Climent, Joan Badia, Gemma Rojo-Martínez, Juana Flores-Le Roux, Oscar Yanes, Maria Vinaixa, Minerva Granado-Casas, Didac Mauricio, Sonia Fernández-Veledo, Joan Vendrell
{"title":"Circulating short-chain fatty acids and Mediterranean food patterns. A potential role for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk: The Di@bet.es Study.","authors":"Gemma Llauradó, Lídia Cedó, Elisenda Climent, Joan Badia, Gemma Rojo-Martínez, Juana Flores-Le Roux, Oscar Yanes, Maria Vinaixa, Minerva Granado-Casas, Didac Mauricio, Sonia Fernández-Veledo, Joan Vendrell","doi":"10.1186/s12916-025-04186-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Identifying nutritional patterns associated with developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) can facilitate more effective and personalized dietary interventions. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), key metabolites derived from gut microbiota, are produced through the anaerobic fermentation of dietary fibers. This study aimed to evaluate whether circulating concentrations of SCFAs are associated with specific food consumption patterns and to assess their association with T2D development in at-risk subjects within a prospective cohort (The Di@bet.es Study).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Di@bet.es study is a prospective, population-based study utilizing random cluster sampling from the Spanish population aged over 18 years (n = 5,072). Among these participants, 4,347 were free of T2D at baseline. Follow-up losses were approximately 45%, resulting in a final re-screened sample of 2,408 subjects. A qualitative food frequency questionnaire evaluated Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) adherence and high-fiber food consumption. The risk of developing T2D was assessed using the FINDRISK. Metabolomics-driven analyses of SCFAs were conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Subjects who developed T2D after a median follow-up of seven years had higher baseline circulating concentrations of butyrate and isobutyrate. Circulating concentrations of SCFAs were associated with high-fiber food consumption at baseline. In multivariate analysis, baseline circulating concentrations of butyrate and isobutyrate were independently associated with incident T2D after adjusting for traditional clinical factors. The C-statistics for predicting T2D were 0.847 (95%CI:0.816-0.877) for butyrate and 0.843 (95%CI:0.812-0.875) for isobutyrate in adjusted models, similar to the reference model based on traditional clinical factors (0.840 [95%CI: 0.807-0.873]). Both models improved risk prediction compared to FINDRISK. Dietary patterns did not add predictive value. Sensitivity analysis excluding subjects with prediabetes at baseline confirmed these results. In addition, an association between baseline consumption of high-fiber foods with incident T2D emerged, suggesting a different behaviour between healthy and prediabetic subjects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Baseline circulating concentrations of SCFAs are associated with high-fiber food consumption and independently predict the development of T2D over seven years of follow-up. However, they offer limited improvement in risk prediction compared to traditional risk factors, though they enhance risk prediction as assessed by FINDRISK. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the impact of dietary interventions on SCFA.</p>","PeriodicalId":9188,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"337"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12143092/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"BMC Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04186-9","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Identifying nutritional patterns associated with developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) can facilitate more effective and personalized dietary interventions. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), key metabolites derived from gut microbiota, are produced through the anaerobic fermentation of dietary fibers. This study aimed to evaluate whether circulating concentrations of SCFAs are associated with specific food consumption patterns and to assess their association with T2D development in at-risk subjects within a prospective cohort (The Di@bet.es Study).

Methods: The Di@bet.es study is a prospective, population-based study utilizing random cluster sampling from the Spanish population aged over 18 years (n = 5,072). Among these participants, 4,347 were free of T2D at baseline. Follow-up losses were approximately 45%, resulting in a final re-screened sample of 2,408 subjects. A qualitative food frequency questionnaire evaluated Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) adherence and high-fiber food consumption. The risk of developing T2D was assessed using the FINDRISK. Metabolomics-driven analyses of SCFAs were conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Results: Subjects who developed T2D after a median follow-up of seven years had higher baseline circulating concentrations of butyrate and isobutyrate. Circulating concentrations of SCFAs were associated with high-fiber food consumption at baseline. In multivariate analysis, baseline circulating concentrations of butyrate and isobutyrate were independently associated with incident T2D after adjusting for traditional clinical factors. The C-statistics for predicting T2D were 0.847 (95%CI:0.816-0.877) for butyrate and 0.843 (95%CI:0.812-0.875) for isobutyrate in adjusted models, similar to the reference model based on traditional clinical factors (0.840 [95%CI: 0.807-0.873]). Both models improved risk prediction compared to FINDRISK. Dietary patterns did not add predictive value. Sensitivity analysis excluding subjects with prediabetes at baseline confirmed these results. In addition, an association between baseline consumption of high-fiber foods with incident T2D emerged, suggesting a different behaviour between healthy and prediabetic subjects.

Conclusions: Baseline circulating concentrations of SCFAs are associated with high-fiber food consumption and independently predict the development of T2D over seven years of follow-up. However, they offer limited improvement in risk prediction compared to traditional risk factors, though they enhance risk prediction as assessed by FINDRISK. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the impact of dietary interventions on SCFA.

循环短链脂肪酸和地中海食物模式。预测2型糖尿病风险的潜在作用:Di@bet.es研究。
背景:确定与发展中的2型糖尿病(T2D)相关的营养模式可以促进更有效和个性化的饮食干预。短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)是来源于肠道微生物群的关键代谢物,是通过膳食纤维的厌氧发酵产生的。本研究旨在评估循环中SCFAs浓度是否与特定的食物消费模式有关,并在前瞻性队列中评估其与高危受试者T2D发展的关系(Di@bet.es研究)。方法:Di@bet.es研究是一项前瞻性的、基于人群的研究,从18岁以上的西班牙人口中随机抽样(n = 5072)。在这些参与者中,4347人在基线时没有T2D。随访损失约为45%,最终重新筛选2408名受试者。一项定性食物频率问卷评估了地中海饮食(MedDiet)的依从性和高纤维食物的消费。使用FINDRISK评估发生T2D的风险。代谢组学驱动的SCFAs分析使用气相色谱-质谱法进行。结果:中位随访7年后发生T2D的受试者丁酸盐和异丁酸盐的基线循环浓度较高。SCFAs的循环浓度与基线时的高纤维食物摄取量有关。在多变量分析中,在调整传统临床因素后,丁酸盐和异丁酸盐的基线循环浓度与T2D事件独立相关。调整后模型中丁酸盐预测T2D的c -统计量为0.847 (95%CI:0.816-0.877),异丁酸盐预测T2D的c -统计量为0.843 (95%CI:0.812-0.875),与基于传统临床因素的参考模型相似(0.840 [95%CI: 0.807-0.873])。与FINDRISK相比,两种模型都提高了风险预测。饮食模式没有增加预测价值。敏感性分析排除了基线时患有前驱糖尿病的受试者,证实了这些结果。此外,高纤维食物的基线摄入量与T2D事件之间存在关联,表明健康受试者和糖尿病前期受试者之间的行为不同。结论:SCFAs的基线循环浓度与高纤维食物摄入有关,并独立预测7年随访期间T2D的发展。然而,与传统风险因素相比,它们在风险预测方面提供的改进有限,尽管它们增强了finrisk评估的风险预测。需要进一步的研究来评估饮食干预对SCFA的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
BMC Medicine
BMC Medicine 医学-医学:内科
CiteScore
13.10
自引率
1.10%
发文量
435
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: BMC Medicine is an open access, transparent peer-reviewed general medical journal. It is the flagship journal of the BMC series and publishes outstanding and influential research in various areas including clinical practice, translational medicine, medical and health advances, public health, global health, policy, and general topics of interest to the biomedical and sociomedical professional communities. In addition to research articles, the journal also publishes stimulating debates, reviews, unique forum articles, and concise tutorials. All articles published in BMC Medicine are included in various databases such as Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS, CAS, Citebase, Current contents, DOAJ, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Science Citation Index Expanded, OAIster, SCImago, Scopus, SOCOLAR, and Zetoc.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信