Experimental verification of generalized synchronization

Abstract

Generalized synchronization (GS) describes a state in which two coupled dynamical systems exhibit a functional relationship between their variables. GS can be achieved by appropriately designing the coupling to constrain the dynamics onto an invariant submanifold, a concept well established in theory. However, experimental validation remains crucial. In this work, we experimentally verify GS using coupled chaotic Lorenz oscillators, implementing unidirectional coupling where the state variables of the slave oscillator are scaled according to a predefined relationship with those of the master oscillator.