Characteristics and mechanisms of sea (salt) water intrusion in Laizhou City, Shandong Province, China

IF 2.8 2区生物学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Frontiers in Marine Science Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI:10.3389/fmars.2025.1578175

Linghao Kong, Hongxian Chu, Guohua Hou, Jiao Zeng, Liyuan Zhao, Xiangcai Han, Yachao Li, Faqiao Zhou, Meiling Yin, Xuzhen Zhang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Sea (salt) water intrusion is a significant and ongoing geological disaster, and in recent years, it has become a notable concern for Laizhou City, Shandong Province. To identify the characteristics and mechanism of sea (salt) water intrusion in Laizhou City, samples of different types of water bodies (such as seawater, freshwater, slightly brackish water, brackish water, saline water, and brine) were systematically collected from the coastal zone area. The hydrochemical composition and evolution characteristics of the water bodies and the current situation, trends, and causes of sea (salt) water intrusion were analyzed. In 2020, the sea (salt) water intrusion reached 645.76 km2 (including 151.64 km2 of serious intrusion area), which is the largest ever recorded. The sea (salt) water intrusion had a strip-sheet distribution. From land to sea, groundwater gradually transitioned from the HCO3·SO4·Cl-Ca type to SO4·Cl-Na·Ca and SO4·Cl-Na types and then evolved to the Cl-Na type. Furthermore, from land to sea, the dominant cations and anions shifted from Ca2+ and HCO3- to Na+ and Cl-. The influence of seawater or brine gradually increased, that of Ca2+ and HCO3- gradually decreased; whereas that of Cl- and Na+ gradually increased, showing a division zone of freshwater → slightly brackish water → brackish water → saline water → seawater (brine) in the macroscopic territory. The freshwater, slightly brackish water, and brackish water bodies in the study area were controlled by evaporation and concentration processes and rock weathering leaching, whereas the saline water and brine were primarily controlled by evaporation and concentration processes. Groundwater salinity in the study area mainly originates from sea (salt) water intrusion, and locally groundwater salinity mainly originates from mineral dissolution or human activities. In addition, significant cation exchange adsorption occurred in slightly brackish and brackish water. Overall, these results will help to prevent and control seawater intrusions and improve disaster management.

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山东省莱州市海（盐）水入侵特征及机制

海（盐）水入侵是一种重大且持续发生的地质灾害，近年来已成为山东省莱州市备受关注的问题。为明确莱州市海（盐）水入侵的特征和机制，系统采集了莱州市沿海不同类型水体（海水、淡水、微咸水、微咸水、咸水和盐水）的样本。分析了水体的水化学组成和演化特征以及海（盐）水入侵的现状、趋势和原因。2020年，海（盐）水入侵面积达645.76 km2（其中严重入侵面积151.64 km2），为有记录以来最大。海（盐）水入侵呈条片状分布。从陆地到海洋，地下水由HCO3·SO4·Cl-Ca型逐渐过渡到SO4·Cl-Na·Ca和SO4·Cl-Na型，再演化为Cl-Na型。此外，从陆地到海洋，优势阳离子和阴离子从Ca2+和HCO3-转变为Na+和Cl-。海水或卤水的影响逐渐增强，Ca2+和HCO3-的影响逐渐减弱；Cl-和Na+逐渐增加，宏观范围呈现淡水→微微咸水→微咸水→咸水→海水（卤水）的划分带。研究区淡水、微咸水和微咸水体主要受蒸发浓缩过程和岩石风化淋滤控制，咸水和卤水主要受蒸发浓缩过程控制。研究区地下水盐度主要来源于海（盐）水入侵，局部地下水盐度主要来源于矿物溶解或人类活动。此外，在微咸水和微咸水中，阳离子交换吸附显著。总体而言，这些结果将有助于预防和控制海水入侵，提高灾害管理水平。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Marine Science Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Aquatic Science

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

16.20%

发文量

2443

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Marine Science publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research that advances our understanding of all aspects of the environment, biology, ecosystem functioning and human interactions with the oceans. Field Chief Editor Carlos M. Duarte at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, policy makers and the public worldwide. With the human population predicted to reach 9 billion people by 2050, it is clear that traditional land resources will not suffice to meet the demand for food or energy, required to support high-quality livelihoods. As a result, the oceans are emerging as a source of untapped assets, with new innovative industries, such as aquaculture, marine biotechnology, marine energy and deep-sea mining growing rapidly under a new era characterized by rapid growth of a blue, ocean-based economy. The sustainability of the blue economy is closely dependent on our knowledge about how to mitigate the impacts of the multiple pressures on the ocean ecosystem associated with the increased scale and diversification of industry operations in the ocean and global human pressures on the environment. Therefore, Frontiers in Marine Science particularly welcomes the communication of research outcomes addressing ocean-based solutions for the emerging challenges, including improved forecasting and observational capacities, understanding biodiversity and ecosystem problems, locally and globally, effective management strategies to maintain ocean health, and an improved capacity to sustainably derive resources from the oceans.