Predictors and prognosis of progression of aortic valve stenosis in patients hospitalized with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction.

Abstract

Background: Although aortic valve stenosis (AS) is a recognized predictor of outcomes in heart failure (HF), limited data is available concerning predictors for and the prognostic value of progressive AS in patients with HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF).

Methods: From 2016 to 2022, consecutive patients hospitalized with HFmrEF at one institution were retrospectively included. AS progression was assessed during follow-up echocardiography and patients with and without progression were compared regarding the primary endpoint long-term all-cause mortality at 30 months (median follow-up) using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Key secondary endpoint was rehospitalization for worsening HF. Predictors of AS progression were investigated using logistic regression analyses.

Results: From 603 included patients hospitalized with HFmrEF, progressive AS was observed in 55 patients, which was associated with an increased risk of long-term all-cause mortality (HR = 1.697; 95 % CI 1.094-2.633; p = 0.018), but not with HF-related rehospitalization (p = 0.585). The association with long-term all-cause mortality was still evident after multivariable adjustment (p = 0.044). Independent predictors of AS progression were older age at baseline (HR = 1.033; 95 % CI 1.001-1.065; p = 0.042; per year increase), diabetes mellitus (HR = 1.851; 95 % CI 1.019-3.363; p = 0.043) and baseline AS severity (mild AS: HR = 3.923; 95 % CI = 1.605-9.588; p = 0.003, moderate AS: HR = 6.122; 95 % CI 2.587-14.488; p = 0.001).

Conclusion: AS progression in HFmrEF patients is independently associated with impaired long-term survival.

Clinicaltrials: gov identifier: NCT05603390, ethical approval code: 2022-818 (Medical Ethics Committee II of the Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany).