Increased Entropy Predicts Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients with High Cardiovascular Risk and Hypertension: A Novel Imaging Parameter Derived from Late Gadolinium Enhancement.
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Entropy derived from late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) has been shown to correlate with major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in various cardiac diseases. However, the association between myocardial entropy and MACEs in patients with hypertension (HTN) has not been reported.
Methods: This study recruited 190 patients with high cardiovascular risk and essential HTN who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) examination in our hospital between January 2020 and June 2024. HTN patients were followed up for MACEs, which were defined as hospitalization for the occurrence of heart failure, acute coronary syndromes, stroke, or all-cause death. Patients were divided into MACE and non-MACE groups. Cardiac morphology, function, and tissue characteristics were assessed using CMR, and left ventricular (LV) entropy was acquired from LGE images.
Results: Of the 190 patients with HTN, 54 (28.4%) experienced a MACE over a median follow-up period of 12.0 (8.0-27.0) months. LV entropy was significantly higher in patients with MACEs than those without (5.75 ± 0.89 vs. 5.12 ± 1.26; p < 0.001). Furthermore, LV entropy was an independent predictor of MACE, even after adjustment for clinical risk factors (odds ratio: 1.569 (1.039-2.369); p = 0.032). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed the predictive value of LV entropy, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.663. Adding LV entropy to the clinical model resulted in a relatively higher AUC (0.813 vs. 0.806) for the prediction of MACEs; however, this was not significantly different from the clinical model alone (p = 0.570).
Conclusions: HTN patients with MACEs presented higher LV entropy than patients without MACEs. Furthermore, as an independent predictor of MACEs, LV entropy may help the risk stratification of HTN patients with high cardiovascular risk.
期刊介绍：
RCM is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal. RCM publishes research articles, review papers and short communications on cardiovascular medicine as well as research on cardiovascular disease. We aim to provide a forum for publishing papers which explore the pathogenesis and promote the progression of cardiac and vascular diseases. We also seek to establish an interdisciplinary platform, focusing on translational issues, to facilitate the advancement of research, clinical treatment and diagnostic procedures. Heart surgery, cardiovascular imaging, risk factors and various clinical cardiac & vascular research will be considered.
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