Prevalence of anatomical variants in preoperative computed tomography imaging for surgical planning of the endonasal transsphenoidal corridor.

Abstract

Background: The endonasal transsphenoidal approach is a fundamental technique for the resection of pituitary tumors. Anatomical variability of the sphenoid sinus and its relationship with neurovascular structures can influence surgical planning and outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective observational prevalence study was conducted using data from 102 patients from the INVIMEDIC database. Preoperative tomographic images in DICOM format were analyzed using RadiAnt Viewer^®. Data were collected in Microsoft Excel and analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 28 for Windows, including cross tables, Pearson's Chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis.

Results: Significant sex-based differences were identified in sphenoid sinus morphology. The mean anteroposterior length in the overall population was 24.55 mm, with males showing greater depth (26.01 mm vs. 22.98 mm in females) and width (33.26 mm vs. 29.94 mm in females).

Conclusion: Significant morphological differences in the sphenoid sinus were observed between sexes, highlighting dimensions that contrast with previous studies. These findings emphasize the importance of assessing anatomical variations to optimize transsphenoidal approach planning and minimize surgical risks.