Investigation of soil physical, chemical and biological indicators in industrial towns: a case study in a Chinese town.

IF 3.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Environmental Geochemistry and Health Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI:10.1007/s10653-025-02567-w

Caixia Liu, Qingying Gao, Shuhe Zhang, Linhui Liao, Jingjing Chen, Liang Wang

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Abstract

Understanding soil properties is essential for optimizing land use and rehabilitating degraded soils in industrial towns. In this study, 27 physical, chemical and biological soil properties from topsoil (0-20 cm) of paddy (PF), vegetable (VF) and abandoned fields (AF) were measured and calculated the soil quality index (SQI). Results showed PF had higher soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), alkaline nitrogen (AN), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and total water-soluble salts (TWS) than VF and AF, while AF exhibited higher soil pH, bulk density (BD), and available phosphorus (AP) and potassium (AK). Soil Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in VF were higher than those in PF and AF. Enzyme activities (α-glucosidase, AG; β-glucosidase, BG; β-D-cellobiosidase, CB; xylanase, XYL; β-N-acetyl glucosaminidase, NAG) in PF were 9.8-71.8% higher than in VF and AF. Among the three land-use types, bacterial abundance in PF was the highest, while fungal abundance in AF was the highest. PF (0.63) exhibited higher SQI values compared to VF (0.49) and AF (0.51), with overall soil quality in the industrial town graded medium to low. Random forest model identified soil biological properties (AG, BG, CB, XYL, fungal abundance, and bacterial diversity) and heavy metals (As, Ni, and Zn) significantly affected SQI, with CB showing the strongest effect in industrial towns (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that integrated agronomic practices aimed at enhancing soil microbial diversity, abundance, and activity and mitigating heavy metal contamination can effectively improve the soil quality of industrial towns.

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工业城镇土壤理化生物指标调查——以中国某城镇为例

了解土壤性质对于优化土地利用和恢复工业城镇退化土壤至关重要。本研究对稻田（PF）、菜地（VF）和撂撂地（AF）表层土壤（0 ~ 20 cm） 27个土壤理化和生物性状进行了测定，并计算了土壤质量指数（SQI）。结果表明：土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）、碱氮（AN）、阳离子交换容量（CEC）和总水溶性盐（TWS）均高于全农田和全农田，土壤pH、容重（BD）、速效磷（AP）和速效钾（AK）均高于全农田和全农田。土壤Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn均高于全农田和全农田。β葡糖苷酶,BG;β-D-cellobiosidase CB;木聚糖酶,XYL;土壤中β- n -乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）的丰度比土壤中高9.8 ~ 71.8%。3种土地利用类型中，土壤中细菌丰度最高，土壤中真菌丰度最高。相对于VF（0.49）和AF (0.51)， PF（0.63）表现出更高的SQI值，工业城镇整体土壤质量等级为中低。随机森林模型发现，土壤生物特性（AG、BG、CB、XYL、真菌丰度和细菌多样性）和重金属（As、Ni和Zn）显著影响SQI，其中CB对工业城镇的影响最大(P

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来源期刊

Environmental Geochemistry and Health 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

4.80%

发文量

279

审稿时长

4.2 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Geochemistry and Health publishes original research papers and review papers across the broad field of environmental geochemistry. Environmental geochemistry and health establishes and explains links between the natural or disturbed chemical composition of the earth’s surface and the health of plants, animals and people. Beneficial elements regulate or promote enzymatic and hormonal activity whereas other elements may be toxic. Bedrock geochemistry controls the composition of soil and hence that of water and vegetation. Environmental issues, such as pollution, arising from the extraction and use of mineral resources, are discussed. The effects of contaminants introduced into the earth’s geochemical systems are examined. Geochemical surveys of soil, water and plants show how major and trace elements are distributed geographically. Associated epidemiological studies reveal the possibility of causal links between the natural or disturbed geochemical environment and disease. Experimental research illuminates the nature or consequences of natural or disturbed geochemical processes. The journal particularly welcomes novel research linking environmental geochemistry and health issues on such topics as: heavy metals (including mercury), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and mixed chemicals emitted through human activities, such as uncontrolled recycling of electronic-waste; waste recycling; surface-atmospheric interaction processes (natural and anthropogenic emissions, vertical transport, deposition, and physical-chemical interaction) of gases and aerosols; phytoremediation/restoration of contaminated sites; food contamination and safety; environmental effects of medicines; effects and toxicity of mixed pollutants; speciation of heavy metals/metalloids; effects of mining; disturbed geochemistry from human behavior, natural or man-made hazards; particle and nanoparticle toxicology; risk and the vulnerability of populations, etc.