Shading Nets: A Current Viticultural Strategy to Mitigate the Negative Impacts of Global Warming on Grape and Wine Quality

Abstract

Viticulture is facing important challenges in cultivation and management since grapevines are particularly vulnerable to changes in environmental conditions. Heat waves, extreme temperatures, and unpredictable weather patterns have become more frequent in wine-growing regions, creating an uncertain future for growers. In response, shading nets have emerged as a promising and adaptable technology to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on grape production and wine quality. By moderating the vine microclimate, shading nets reduce solar radiation, decrease the extreme heat and wind speed, and improve water-use efficiency, enhancing ripening dynamics and preserving berry quality. However, the effectiveness of shading nets varies depending on the shade provided and the specific characteristics of the nets, highlighting the importance of adjusting the strategies to the specific needs of each environment, productive system, and grape variety. This review explores the influence of shading nets on grapevine physiological responses, including their ability to enhance resilience to stress. It examines their impact on grape and wine quality, providing insights into this vital adaptive tool for the future of viticulture.