Risk assessment of heavy metals in typical karst soils and analysis of potential influencing factors.

IF 3.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Environmental Geochemistry and Health Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI:10.1007/s10653-025-02555-0

Sijing Sun, Junlei Wang, Liyuan Mu, Naiming Zhang, Li Bao

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Abstract

The southwestern region of Yunnan Province, China, is characterized by typical karst landforms, where the elevated concentration of soil heavy metals has had significant impacts on the local environment. The objective of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of soil heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cr) and identify the influencing factors in the target area using geo-detector and spatial interpolation techniques. The average concentration of chromium (Cr) in the study area exceeded the background level of soil elements in Yunnan Province, being 1.35 times higher than the background value. The concentrations of the other heavy metals did not exceed the background levels, although individual sampling points showed values above the standard. In terms of spatial distribution, the high-concentration areas for all five heavy metals were primarily located in the central part of the study area. GeoDetector analysis revealed that soil pH, soil organic matter, GDP, evapotranspiration, rainfall, and land-use type were the main factors influencing soil heavy metal. Interaction detector analysis showed that the results of factor interactions led to either non-linear or two-factor enhancement. Among Cu, Zn, and Cd, the strongest interacting combination was found between pH and organic carbon (OC). This study clarifies the factors affecting soil heavy metal concentrations in karst regions and provides a scientific evaluation method and decision-making support for similar areas with high background values. The findings hold significant scientific value and practical implications.

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典型喀斯特土壤重金属风险评价及潜在影响因素分析

中国云南省西南地区是典型的喀斯特地貌，土壤重金属浓度的升高对当地环境产生了重大影响。利用地理探测器和空间插值技术，对研究区土壤重金属（Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Cr）的空间分布特征进行研究，并找出影响因素。研究区土壤元素中铬（Cr）的平均浓度超过云南省土壤元素背景值，为背景值的1.35倍。其他重金属的浓度没有超过背景水平，尽管个别采样点的值高于标准。从空间分布上看，5种重金属的高浓度区域均集中在研究区的中部。土壤pH、土壤有机质、GDP、蒸散量、降雨量和土地利用类型是影响土壤重金属的主要因素。相互作用检测器分析表明，因子相互作用的结果导致非线性或双因子增强。在Cu、Zn和Cd中，pH与有机碳（OC）的相互作用最强。本研究阐明了喀斯特地区土壤重金属浓度的影响因素，为类似高背景值地区提供科学的评价方法和决策支持。研究结果具有重要的科学价值和实际意义。

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来源期刊

Environmental Geochemistry and Health 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

4.80%

发文量

279

审稿时长

4.2 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Geochemistry and Health publishes original research papers and review papers across the broad field of environmental geochemistry. Environmental geochemistry and health establishes and explains links between the natural or disturbed chemical composition of the earth’s surface and the health of plants, animals and people. Beneficial elements regulate or promote enzymatic and hormonal activity whereas other elements may be toxic. Bedrock geochemistry controls the composition of soil and hence that of water and vegetation. Environmental issues, such as pollution, arising from the extraction and use of mineral resources, are discussed. The effects of contaminants introduced into the earth’s geochemical systems are examined. Geochemical surveys of soil, water and plants show how major and trace elements are distributed geographically. Associated epidemiological studies reveal the possibility of causal links between the natural or disturbed geochemical environment and disease. Experimental research illuminates the nature or consequences of natural or disturbed geochemical processes. The journal particularly welcomes novel research linking environmental geochemistry and health issues on such topics as: heavy metals (including mercury), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and mixed chemicals emitted through human activities, such as uncontrolled recycling of electronic-waste; waste recycling; surface-atmospheric interaction processes (natural and anthropogenic emissions, vertical transport, deposition, and physical-chemical interaction) of gases and aerosols; phytoremediation/restoration of contaminated sites; food contamination and safety; environmental effects of medicines; effects and toxicity of mixed pollutants; speciation of heavy metals/metalloids; effects of mining; disturbed geochemistry from human behavior, natural or man-made hazards; particle and nanoparticle toxicology; risk and the vulnerability of populations, etc.