Malignant Spinal Cord Compression

Abstract

Malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC) is a structural oncologic emergency that can occur in the presence of primary or metastatic disease in the oncology patient population. The first presenting sign of this oncologic emergency is often pain. Failure to recognize early signs of MSCC can be devastating as the condition can progress to permanent neurologic damage and lead to paralysis. Understanding the underlying cause of MSCC directs the patient's treatment plan and prognosis. Diagnosing MSCC starts with a thorough assessment and health history to understand risk factors and identify signs/symptoms related to MSCC. Diagnostic imaging is key to identify the structural involvement within the spine and helps to guide the treatment plan. Patients are often managed medically, with some having surgical options as well. Additional interventions like radiation therapy may also be considered. It is important for nurses within the radiology and procedural areas to have awareness and understanding of MSCC to provide quality patient care.