Interpretable deep temporal neural networks for in-situ monitoring under varying conditions in micro-electrical discharge machining

Abstract

Monitoring is critical enabler of digitalization in modern manufacturing, supporting enhanced process control, quality assurance, and real-time decision-making. By integrating data-driven techniques with the powerful capabilities of deep learning, monitoring systems can efficiently extract valuable insights from complex, high-dimensional time-series data. However, traditional data-driven approaches often lack interpretability, limiting their adoption in industrial applications that demand high reliability and accountability. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an interpretable monitoring framework based on a deep temporal neural network (DTNN). Designed with a modular architecture, the DTNN integrates key components for embedding, temporal feature learning and classification, enabling it to effectively capture complex underlying patterns in temporal process data and overcome the limitations of conventional methods. The DTNN’s capabilities are demonstrated in the context of micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM), a prominent non-traditional machining process known for producing intricate and high-precision components. Through a pulse discrimination task utilizing a large dataset of reliable labels, the DTNN achieves superior classification accuracy under varying processing parameters while providing interpretable insights into discharge phenomena. Furthermore, the DTNN monitoring approach is applied to a deep-hole drilling process in micro-EDM, enabling closed-loop control of discharge status and ensuring long-term process stability. The DTNN’s modular design, interpretability and real-time adaptability underscore its potential for advancing data-driven monitoring systems in digital manufacturing.