A Cross-sectional Analysis of Immunological and Hematological Parameters in Patients With Chronic Opioid Use.

Abstract

Background and aim: Previous research has recognized the dual role of opioids [agonists at μ-opioid receptors (MOP-r agonists)] in modulating immunity and neuroinflammation in individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). This cross-sectional study investigates the interplay between chronic use of MOP-r agonists and inflammatory parameters in individuals with OUD, with the goal of providing insights into the relationship between immunological responses and OUD.

Materials and methods: A cohort of 129 patients with OUD seeking treatment at an addiction detoxification center underwent detailed clinical assessments. Blood samples were collected for analyses of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and C-reactive protein levels, and a complete blood count. Participants were categorized into inflammation and noninflammation groups based on C-reactive protein levels. Hematological and inflammation indices, along with pain severity, were compared between these groups.

Results: Significant differences were observed between the inflammation and noninflammation groups on variables such as duration of MOP-r agonist intake, daily buprenorphine/naloxone dose, consumption route, severity of withdrawal symptoms, and level of self-reported pain. The inflammation group exhibited higher neutrophil counts and an increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. The binary logistic regression models revealed that self-reported pain level, daily buprenorphine/naloxone dosage, Beck Depression Inventory scores, and age were significant predictors of inflammation.

Conclusions: This study contributes to our understanding of OUD as a chronic inflammatory condition, shedding light on the intricate relationships between MOP-r agonist addiction, inflammatory responses, and withdrawal-related parameters. The findings offer valuable perspectives on effective management, emphasizing the need for further research in diverse populations to enhance understanding of this complex condition.