NMDA Receptor Involvement in Dopaminergic Modulation of Neuroplasticity Induced by Paired Associative Stimulation.

Abstract

Background: Dopamine (DA) modulates long-term potentiation (LTP)-like neuroplasticity. While particularly D1 and D2 receptors are thought to influence neuroplasticity through glutamatergic NMDA receptor and GABA modulation, the exact mechanisms are not completely clarified.

Objective: We aimed to explore the relevance of NMDA receptor activity for DAergic modulation of focal LTP-like plasticity induced by excitatory paired associative stimulation (ePAS).

Methods: In a double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled design, 17 healthy participants received DAergic agents (100 mg L-Dopa for general DAergic enhancement, 10 mg bromocriptine for selective D2 receptor activation, or placebo) with different doses of the partial NMDA receptor agonist D-cycloserine (CYC; 50, 100, 200 mg or placebo) and underwent ePAS. Cortical excitability was monitored via motor-evoked potentials induced by TMS over the left motor cortex for up to two hours post-stimulation.

Results: We did not find significant interactions between DAergic agents, CYC and time across the entire sample, but significant group differences depending on sensitivity to ePAS. In high-sensitivity, but not low-sensitivity participants, ePAS induced LTP-like effects. CYC produced non-linear, dose-dependent effects on plasticity in both groups. In the high-sensitivity group, LTP-like effects persisted under both DAergic agents, but were significantly reduced under bromocriptine. CYC had a non-linear effect when combined with bromocriptine. In the low-sensitivity group, ePAS under DAergic agents did not induce LTP-like effects, and only additional intervention with medium-dose CYC restored facilitatory effects under L-Dopa.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that optimal NMDA receptor activation is necessary for ePAS-induced neuroplasticity and that D2 receptor activity may reduce LTP-like effects by downregulating NMDA receptor function.