One Health adjuvant selection for vaccines against zoonotic infections.

Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Exploration of medicine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-07 DOI:10.37349/emed.2025.1001316
Anna Antipov, Nikolai Petrovsky
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Vaccines are typically designed either for human or veterinary use. Using One Health principles it would be more efficient to develop a single vaccine to cover all animal and human species at threat from a specific pathogen. A major issue for designing One Health vaccines is that some commonly used human adjuvants such as aluminium salts are not suitable for some animal species, such as felines, where they can cause injection site sarcomas. Conversely, some commonly used animal adjuvants such as mineral oil emulsions are too reactogenic to be used in humans. In addition, species-specific differences in innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLR) may mean an adjuvant that works in one species does not work in another. This review presents an overview of human and veterinary adjuvants in use and from this list identifies those that might be most suitable for use in a One Health vaccine strategy. Two notable adjuvant candidates already supported by both human and animal data are squalene oil emulsions and delta inulin-CpG combination adjuvant known as Advax-CpG55.2. These two adjuvants have already been shown to be safe and effective across multiple species including when formulated in influenza vaccines. This could be highly relevant to adjuvant selection for vaccines in development against the current North American bovine H5N1 avian influenza outbreak with the potential need to cover multiple susceptible species including birds, cattle and cats in addition to humans. Additional considerations for One Health adjuvants would be suitable administration routes and dosing across species of widely varying size, physiology and genetics. The availability of adjuvants such as squalene emulsions and Advax-CpG55.2 with broad species activity and safety, including in humans, should make One Health vaccine approaches more common in the future.

人畜共患感染疫苗的一种卫生佐剂选择。
疫苗通常设计用于人类或兽医使用。根据“同一个健康”原则,开发一种疫苗以覆盖受到特定病原体威胁的所有动物和人类物种将更加有效。设计One Health疫苗的一个主要问题是,一些常用的人类佐剂,如铝盐,不适用于某些动物物种,如猫科动物,它们可能导致注射部位肉瘤。相反,一些常用的动物佐剂,如矿物油乳剂,由于反应性太强,不能用于人类。此外,先天免疫受体(如toll样受体(TLR))的物种特异性差异可能意味着对一个物种有效的佐剂对另一个物种无效。本综述概述了目前使用的人用和兽用佐剂,并从该清单中确定了可能最适合用于“同一个健康”疫苗策略的佐剂。已经得到人类和动物数据支持的两种值得注意的佐剂候选物是角鲨烯油乳剂和被称为Advax-CpG55.2的δ胰岛素- cpg联合佐剂。这两种佐剂已被证明对多种物种是安全有效的,包括在流感疫苗中配制时。这可能与目前针对北美牛H5N1禽流感疫情开发疫苗的佐剂选择高度相关,除了人类之外,还可能需要覆盖多种易感物种,包括鸟类、牛和猫。对于One Health佐剂的其他考虑因素将是适用于大小、生理和遗传学差异很大的物种的给药途径和剂量。诸如角鲨烯乳剂和Advax-CpG55.2等佐剂具有广泛的物种活性和安全性,包括在人类中,应该会使One Health疫苗方法在未来更加普遍。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.10
自引率
0.00%
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0
审稿时长
13 weeks
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