Prognostic significance of right ventricular dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a meta-analysis of reconstructed time-to-event data.

Abstract

Background: The prognosis of Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is significantly impacted by the existence and severity of comorbidities. Recent studies highlight the right ventricle (RV) as a crucial player in heart failure pathophysiology. However, there are still gaps in understanding how right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) affects long-term outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Materials and methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a comprehensive search was conducted to identify studies investigating RVD as the predictor of the composite outcome of All-cause death, cardiac death, and hospitalization for HF in patients with HFpEF published until October 2024. RVD was defined as the deviation of at least one measurement of RV function from the recommended normal range based on modality and the normal ranges established in each study. Time and survival probability were extracted for each Group (HFpEF patients with and without RVD) in each of the Kaplan-Meier curves. Individual patient data were reconstructed by processing the extracted time points, survival probabilities, and the number of patients at risk in a two-stage approach. The restricted mean survival time (RMST) was also calculated as the area under the survival curve for each group.

Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 1936 individuals, of which 555 patients had RVD. The pooled prevalence of RVD among HFpEF was 41.2% (95% CI: 36.5; 45.9). Patients with RVD had a significantly higher risk of adverse outcomes compared to those without RVD, with an HR of 2.28 (95% CI, 1.95; 2.68, p-value < 0.001) in the eight-year follow-up after the RVD diagnosis. The one-year landmark analysis revealed that the majority of the event-free survival disparity between patients with RVD and those without arises from the first year after an RVD diagnosis. Patients with RVD also had shorter event-free survival. (ΔRMST = -2.127 years, 95% CI, -2.383; -1.872, p-value < 0.001).

Conclusion: The development of RVD in HFpEF is linked to significantly increased composite outcomes of all-cause death and HF hospitalization and shorter event-free survival.