Next-Generation Cancer Theragnostic: Applications of Carbon Quantum Dots

Abstract

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are carbon-based nanoparticles that have some unique properties like fluorescence, surface chemistry, nanoscale size, low toxicity, and high photostability, which makes them applicable for various applications like bioimaging and photoacoustic imaging, enabling early tumor detection, drug delivery, and biosensing. CQDs can be tuned with functional groups and targeting ligands for specific tumor identification and surveillance. They also generate reactive oxygen species upon light irradiation, making them suitable for photodynamic therapy, a noninvasive cancer treatment. Additionally, CQDs can be encapsulated with therapeutic agents for targeted delivery to tumors, reducing off-target effects and enhancing treatment efficacy. They serve as biosensors for detecting cancer biomarkers, aiding early diagnosis and personalized treatment. CQDs can be combined with other nanomaterials to create multifunctional imaging, therapeutic, and drug-delivery platforms. Future research will focus on developing smart, responsive CQDs and integrating them with artificial intelligence for improved cancer management.