Short-term pre-meal whey protein microgel supplementation reduces postprandial glycemia and appetite in adults with overweight: An open-label randomised controlled trial

Obesity Pillars Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI:10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100183

Ian J. Neeland , Kostas Tsintzas , Bo Ahrén , Robert J. Chilton , Ambra Giorgetti , Alric Mondragon , Rachel Ambiaux , Eugenia Migliavacca , David Philippe , Olivier Aprikian , Odd Erik Johansen

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Abstract

Background

Premeal whey protein (WP) consumption may reduce postprandial glucose (PPG) levels and appetite. We assessed the effects of twice daily consumption of a low-dose non-gelling novel WP formulation (WP microgel [WPM]) on PPG, self-reported appetite, and ad-libitum food consumption.

Methods

This was a randomized, prospective, open-label, controlled, single-center crossover study, and adults with BMI 27–35 kg/m² were randomized to consume either 125 mL of 10 g WPM or control (water) 15 min before breakfast and lunch for four consecutive days. Three days were under free-living conditions, and the 4th day was at the clinic where breakfast (09:00 a.m.) was standardized (323 kcal, 7.0 g proteins), and lunch (12:00 p.m.) ad-libitum (pizza, 228.8 kcal/9.9 g proteins per 100 g). Following a 3-day wash-out, participants were switched to the opposite regimen. The primary confirmatory endpoint was breakfast 2 h-PPG (assessed using CGM) analyzed as iAUC_-15-120min using a linear mixed effects model. Appetite was captured by frequent self-reporting (hunger, desire, amount, fullness, satisfaction) using a visual analogue scale (0–100 mm). Ad-libitum food consumption (lunch) was assessed by weighing the amount consumed.

Result

18 individuals (8 females, median age 57 years, BMI 29.8 kg/m², HbA1c 5.5 %) were randomized and consumed products. The breakfast 2 h-PPG iAUC was 39.3 % lower with WPM compared with control (LSM iAUC Ratio WPM/control (95 % CI): 0.607 [0.4 43, 0.831], p = 0.0047), and during lunch numerically reduced (p = 0.0649). Appetite scores during breakfast and lunch supported a modest suppressing effect of the WPM. Food consumption during the ad-libitum lunch was significantly reduced by 9.4 % (WPM vs Control −66.8 kcal [-133.1, −0.6], p = 0.0482).

Conclusions

A 125 mL pre-meal dose of WPM consumed twice daily before breakfast and lunch for 4 days in adults with obesity significantly reduced breakfast PPG and had a moderate appetite-suppressing effect, which led to a significantly lower energy consumption during ad-libitum lunch (NCT06593769).

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短期餐前补充乳清蛋白微凝胶可降低超重成人餐后血糖和食欲：一项开放标签随机对照试验

餐前乳清蛋白（WP）的摄入可能会降低餐后葡萄糖（PPG）水平和食欲。我们评估了每天两次低剂量非凝胶新型WP制剂（WP微凝胶[WPM]）对PPG、自我报告的食欲和随意进食的影响。方法：这是一项随机、前瞻性、开放标签、对照、单中心交叉研究，BMI 27-35 kg/m2的成年人被随机分为两组，分别在早餐和午餐前15分钟饮用125 mL 10 g WPM或对照组（水），连续4天。第三天在自由生活条件下，第四天在诊所，早餐（上午09:00）是标准化的（323千卡，7.0克蛋白质），午餐（中午12:00）是随意的（比萨饼，228.8千卡/9.9克蛋白质/ 100克）。在3天的洗脱期后，参与者被切换到相反的方案。主要验证终点为早餐2 h-PPG（使用CGM评估），使用线性混合效应模型分析为iAUC-15-120min。使用视觉模拟量表（0-100毫米）通过频繁的自我报告（饥饿感、欲望、数量、饱腹感、满意度）来捕获食欲。自由餐（午餐）的消耗量是通过称量消耗量来评估的。结果18例患者（8名女性，中位年龄57岁，BMI 29.8 kg/m2, HbA1c 5.5%）随机入选并食用产品。与对照组相比，WPM在早餐时的2 h-PPG iAUC降低了39.3% (LSM iAUC比WPM/对照（95% CI）： 0.607 [0.4 43, 0.831], p = 0.0047)，午餐时的iAUC数值降低（p = 0.0649）。早餐和午餐期间的食欲评分支持WPM的适度抑制作用。自由午餐期间的食物消耗显著减少了9.4% （WPM与对照组相比- 66.8 kcal [-133.1, - 0.6], p = 0.0482）。结论肥胖成人每日两次餐前剂量125 mL WPM可显著降低早餐PPG，并有中等食欲抑制作用，可显著降低随意午餐时的能量消耗（NCT06593769）。

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Obesity Pillars

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