Reverse application of the Andrews protocol for assessing risks in a hypothetical nuclear accident

IF 1.9 3区工程技术 Q1 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Nuclear Engineering and Design Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2025.114188

Angelica C. Nogueira , Hugo F. Menossi , Rafael M. Hespanhol , Andre C. Tavares , Rodrigo C. Curzio , Tercio Brum , Edson R. Andrade

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Abstract

This study introduces a novel approach to assessing radiobiological damage by employing an inverted version of the classical Andrews protocol (or Andrews nomogram) within the context of nuclear accidents. The methodology consists of two stages of computational simulation: The first stage simulates the release of radioactive materials from a pressurized water reactor (PWR), concentrating on scenarios of operational instability. In contrast, the second stage utilizes HotSpot Health Physics software to model the environmental dispersion of these materials. By estimating Total Effective Dose Equivalents (TEDE) at various locations and under different atmospheric stability conditions, we reverse the traditional sequence of the Andrews nomogram, which typically estimates lymphocyte counts based on radiation dose exposure. This innovative framework facilitates the development of a TEDE versus a Count curve, thereby enhancing the ability to anticipate the health implications following radiological incidents. The results highlight the importance of accurate modeling in predicting biological effects on populations exposed to radioactive releases and provide a tool to support responses and help design coping strategies enhancing the situational awareness of healthcare teams in nuclear emergencies.

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安德鲁斯协议在假想核事故风险评估中的逆向应用

本研究引入了一种新的方法，通过在核事故背景下采用经典安德鲁斯协议（或安德鲁斯nomogram）的反转版本来评估放射性生物损伤。该方法包括两个阶段的计算模拟：第一阶段模拟从压水堆（PWR）释放放射性物质，集中在运行不稳定的情况下。相比之下，第二阶段利用热点健康物理软件来模拟这些材料的环境分散。通过估算不同地点和不同大气稳定性条件下的总有效剂量当量（TEDE），我们颠覆了传统的安德鲁斯诺图序列，该序列通常基于辐射剂量暴露来估算淋巴细胞计数。这一创新框架有助于制定TEDE与计数曲线，从而提高预测放射性事件后健康影响的能力。研究结果强调了准确建模在预测放射性释放人群的生物效应方面的重要性，并为支持响应和帮助设计应对策略提供了工具，提高了核紧急情况下医疗团队的态势感知。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nuclear Engineering and Design 工程技术-核科学技术

CiteScore

3.40

自引率

11.80%

发文量

377

审稿时长

5 months

期刊介绍： Nuclear Engineering and Design covers the wide range of disciplines involved in the engineering, design, safety and construction of nuclear fission reactors. The Editors welcome papers both on applied and innovative aspects and developments in nuclear science and technology. Fundamentals of Reactor Design include: • Thermal-Hydraulics and Core Physics • Safety Analysis, Risk Assessment (PSA) • Structural and Mechanical Engineering • Materials Science • Fuel Behavior and Design • Structural Plant Design • Engineering of Reactor Components • Experiments Aspects beyond fundamentals of Reactor Design covered: • Accident Mitigation Measures • Reactor Control Systems • Licensing Issues • Safeguard Engineering • Economy of Plants • Reprocessing / Waste Disposal • Applications of Nuclear Energy • Maintenance • Decommissioning Papers on new reactor ideas and developments (Generation IV reactors) such as inherently safe modular HTRs, High Performance LWRs/HWRs and LMFBs/GFR will be considered; Actinide Burners, Accelerator Driven Systems, Energy Amplifiers and other special designs of power and research reactors and their applications are also encouraged.