Impact of ethanol addition on the autoignition characteristics of a certification gasoline

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Combustion and Flame Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI:10.1016/j.combustflame.2025.114252

Khalid Aljohani , Ahmed Abd El-Sabor Mohamed , Haitao Lu , Henry J. Curran , Jihad Badra , Aamir Farooq

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

As the world grapples with climate change, decarbonizing the transportation sector remains an immense challenge. Ethanol-containing gasolines offer a promising pathway that aligns with global initiatives to transition towards low-carbon transportation fuels. This study investigates ignition delay times (IDTs) of a research-grade oxygenated gasoline (Euro 6 E10) containing a substantial proportion (20–40 %, by vol.) of ethanol. Experiments were conducted across three domains: (a) a cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine, (b) two high-pressure shock tubes (HPSTs), and (c) two rapid compression machines (RCMs). IDTs were investigated over a broad range of temperatures (655–1470 K), pressures (20 and 40 bar), and equivalence ratios (φ = 0.5, 1, 1.5). The CFR engine results indicated that blending ethanol with Euro 6 E10 gasoline led to a synergistic increase in octane ratings across the two ethanol-blended gasoline mixtures. IDTs results showed a pronounced reactivity-inhibiting effect of ethanol at temperatures below ≈ 830 K across the entire range of conditions investigated. In contrast, intermediate- and high-temperature ignition delays of gasoline-ethanol blends exhibited close similarities regardless of the blend octane numbers, compositions, or ethanol content. A reactivity-promoting effect of ethanol was observed solely in fuel-rich scenarios (φ = 1.5) and at temperatures greater than ≈ 950 K. A recently published gasoline model by the authors was updated with the latest kinetic knowledge to evaluate the effects of ethanol blending and was subsequently used to validate the measured IDTs. The revised model demonstrated reasonable accuracy with both the 4-component and 8-multicomponent ethanol-containing surrogates developed in this study, with the 4-component surrogate demonstrating better performance. Finally, sensitivity analyses were performed to identify key reactions contributing to the reactivity perturbative effects of ethanol blending on Euro 6 reactivity characteristics.

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乙醇添加量对某认证汽油自燃特性的影响

随着全球努力应对气候变化，交通运输部门的脱碳仍然是一个巨大的挑战。含乙醇汽油提供了一条有希望的途径，与向低碳运输燃料过渡的全球倡议保持一致。本研究调查了含有大量乙醇（按体积计为20 - 40%）的研究级含氧汽油（欧6 E10）的点火延迟时间（IDTs）。实验在三个领域进行：(a)合作燃料研究（CFR）发动机，(b)两个高压激波管（HPSTs）， (c)两个快速压缩机（RCMs）。在较宽的温度（655-1470 K）、压力（20和40 bar）和等效比（φ = 0.5, 1,1.5）范围内对idt进行了研究。CFR发动机的结果表明，将乙醇与欧6 E10汽油混合会导致两种乙醇混合汽油混合物辛烷值的协同增加。IDTs结果表明，在整个研究条件范围内，温度低于≈830k时乙醇具有明显的反应抑制作用。相比之下，无论辛烷值、成分或乙醇含量如何，汽油-乙醇混合物的中高温点火延迟都表现出密切的相似性。乙醇仅在富燃料条件下（φ = 1.5）和温度大于≈950 K时才有促进反应的作用。作者最近发表的汽油模型更新了最新的动力学知识，以评估乙醇混合的影响，并随后用于验证测量的idt。修正后的模型对于本研究开发的4组分和8组分含乙醇替代物均具有合理的准确性，其中4组分替代物表现出更好的性能。最后，进行敏感性分析，以确定导致乙醇混合对欧6反应性特征的反应性扰动效应的关键反应。

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来源期刊

Combustion and Flame 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

9.50

自引率

20.50%

发文量

631

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： The mission of the journal is to publish high quality work from experimental, theoretical, and computational investigations on the fundamentals of combustion phenomena and closely allied matters. While submissions in all pertinent areas are welcomed, past and recent focus of the journal has been on: Development and validation of reaction kinetics, reduction of reaction mechanisms and modeling of combustion systems, including: Conventional, alternative and surrogate fuels; Pollutants; Particulate and aerosol formation and abatement; Heterogeneous processes. Experimental, theoretical, and computational studies of laminar and turbulent combustion phenomena, including: Premixed and non-premixed flames; Ignition and extinction phenomena; Flame propagation; Flame structure; Instabilities and swirl; Flame spread; Multi-phase reactants. Advances in diagnostic and computational methods in combustion, including: Measurement and simulation of scalar and vector properties; Novel techniques; State-of-the art applications. Fundamental investigations of combustion technologies and systems, including: Internal combustion engines; Gas turbines; Small- and large-scale stationary combustion and power generation; Catalytic combustion; Combustion synthesis; Combustion under extreme conditions; New concepts.