Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Depressed Adolescents: A Social-Cognitive Deficit or an Emotional Response?

IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY
Şafak Eray Çamlı, B Ece Yavuz, Gülseren Aydoğan, Serkan Turan, Caner Mutlu
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Abstract

Objective: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been identified as a prevalent behavior among adolescents, particularly those with major depressive disorder (MDD). The present study sought to examine differences in neurocognition, social cognition, negative urgency (NU)-the tendency to act impulsively in response to negative emotions-and anxiety among adolescents with MDD and NSSI, MDD without NSSI, and healthy controls.

Method: A total of 204 adolescents (aged 11-17 years; 161 girls [78.9%], 43 boys [21.1%]) were divided into three groups: (1) MDD with NSSI, (2) MDD without NSSI, and (3) healthy controls. Participants completed psychiatric assessments, computerized neurocognitive tests, emotion recognition tasks, and self-report measures of NU and anxiety. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22. Descriptive statistics included frequencies for categorical variables and medians for continuous variables. Group comparisons were performed using chi-square-based tests and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Logistic regression identified predictors of NSSI, with significance set at p < .05.

Results: Adolescents with MDD exhibited significant deficits in executive function and episodic memory, as well as elevated NU and anxiety, compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, adolescents with MDD and NSSI reported significantly higher levels of anxiety (particularly panic symptoms) and NU compared to those with MDD alone.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that emotional difficulties, particularly impulsivity and panic symptoms, play a crucial role in NSSI among adolescents with MDD rather than cognitive disturbance, highlighting potential targets for prevention and intervention efforts.

抑郁青少年的非自杀自伤:社会认知缺陷还是情绪反应?
目的:非自杀性自伤(NSSI)已被确定为青少年中普遍存在的行为,特别是那些患有重度抑郁症(MDD)的青少年。本研究旨在探讨有重度抑郁症和自伤的青少年、无自伤的重度抑郁症青少年和健康对照者在神经认知、社会认知、负性急迫性(负性急迫性,即对负性情绪做出冲动反应的倾向)和焦虑方面的差异。方法:共204例青少年(11 ~ 17岁;将161名女生(78.9%)、43名男生(21.1%)分为(1)重度抑郁伴自伤组、(2)重度抑郁伴自伤组和(3)健康对照组。参与者完成了精神病学评估、计算机化神经认知测试、情绪识别任务以及自我报告NU和焦虑的测量。数据采用SPSS 22进行分析。描述性统计包括分类变量的频率和连续变量的中位数。采用卡方检验和Kruskal-Wallis检验进行组间比较。Logistic回归确定了自伤的预测因素,显著性设置为p < 0.05。结果:与健康对照相比,患有MDD的青少年在执行功能和情景记忆方面表现出明显的缺陷,并且NU和焦虑水平升高。此外,与单独患有重度抑郁症的青少年相比,患有重度抑郁症和自伤的青少年报告的焦虑(特别是恐慌症状)和NU水平明显更高。结论:这些研究结果表明,情绪困难,特别是冲动和恐慌症状,在MDD青少年自伤中起着至关重要的作用,而不是认知障碍,突出了预防和干预工作的潜在目标。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
48
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Internationally recognized, Psychiatry has responded to rapid research advances in psychiatry, psychology, neuroscience, trauma, and psychopathology. Increasingly, studies in these areas are being placed in the context of human development across the lifespan, and the multiple systems that influence individual functioning. This journal provides broadly applicable and effective strategies for dealing with the major unsolved problems in the field.
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