Recent Trends in Medication Treatment for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

IF 3.3 3区 医学 Q1 HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES
Haiden A Huskamp, Alisa B Busch, Richard G Frank
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis rates and stimulant use have increased recently, particularly among adults, in the context of increased telehealth use and shortages in stimulant medications. To better understand changes in ADHD medication use and inform policy governing the prescribing of these medications, this study aimed to compare stimulant and nonstimulant fills for 2019 versus 2023.

Methods: This study used national all-payer prescription claims data for 2019 (before onset of the COVID-19 pandemic) and 2023 to calculate stimulant and nonstimulant ADHD medication fill rates overall and by patient age and prescriber specialty.

Results: Total ADHD medication fills increased 23.8%, from 72,849,441 in 2019 to 90,183,437 in 2023; stimulants accounted for most fills (91.4% in 2019; 88.9% in 2023). Whereas the number of stimulant fills rose 20.4% from 2019 to 2023, the number of nonstimulant fills increased at three times that rate (60.1%). Both stimulant and nonstimulant fills increased among adults, whereas stimulant fills decreased 6.5% among children (ages 0-18). Nurse practitioners and physician assistants were responsible for one in three ADHD prescription fills in 2023; nonstimulants were prescribed most commonly by these providers and by psychiatrists.

Conclusions: The number of ADHD medication fills rose substantially from 2019 to 2023. Although a majority of 2023 fills were stimulants, nonstimulant fills sharply increased, even though nonstimulants are not the first-choice ADHD medication treatment. This increase was likely due in part to stimulant shortages that continue to limit access to ADHD pharmacotherapy nationwide.

注意缺陷多动障碍药物治疗的最新趋势。
目的:最近,在远程医疗使用增加和兴奋剂药物短缺的背景下,注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的诊断率和兴奋剂使用有所增加,特别是在成年人中。为了更好地了解ADHD药物使用的变化,并为这些药物的处方政策提供信息,本研究旨在比较2019年和2023年的兴奋剂和非兴奋剂填充物。方法:本研究使用2019年(COVID-19大流行发病前)和2023年的全国全付款人处方索赔数据,按患者年龄和处方医师专业计算兴奋剂和非兴奋剂ADHD药物的总体填充率。结果:ADHD药物填充总量增加了23.8%,从2019年的72,849,441例增加到2023年的90,183,437例;兴奋剂占填充量最多(2019年为91.4%;2023年88.9%)。从2019年到2023年,兴奋剂填充的数量增长了20.4%,而非兴奋剂填充的数量增长了三倍(60.1%)。成人的兴奋剂和非兴奋剂填充量都增加了,而儿童(0-18岁)的兴奋剂填充量减少了6.5%。2023年,三分之一的ADHD处方由执业护士和医师助理负责;非兴奋剂通常是由这些医生和精神病医生开的。结论:从2019年到2023年,ADHD药物填充数量大幅增加。尽管2023年的填充物中大多数是兴奋剂,但非兴奋剂填充物急剧增加,尽管非兴奋剂不是治疗多动症的首选药物。这一增长的部分原因可能是兴奋剂短缺,这继续限制了全国范围内ADHD药物治疗的获得。
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来源期刊
Psychiatric services
Psychiatric services 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
7.90%
发文量
295
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Psychiatric Services, established in 1950, is published monthly by the American Psychiatric Association. The peer-reviewed journal features research reports on issues related to the delivery of mental health services, especially for people with serious mental illness in community-based treatment programs. Long known as an interdisciplinary journal, Psychiatric Services recognizes that provision of high-quality care involves collaboration among a variety of professionals, frequently working as a team. Authors of research reports published in the journal include psychiatrists, psychologists, pharmacists, nurses, social workers, drug and alcohol treatment counselors, economists, policy analysts, and professionals in related systems such as criminal justice and welfare systems. In the mental health field, the current focus on patient-centered, recovery-oriented care and on dissemination of evidence-based practices is transforming service delivery systems at all levels. Research published in Psychiatric Services contributes to this transformation.
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