{"title":"Recent Trends in Medication Treatment for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.","authors":"Haiden A Huskamp, Alisa B Busch, Richard G Frank","doi":"10.1176/appi.ps.20240574","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis rates and stimulant use have increased recently, particularly among adults, in the context of increased telehealth use and shortages in stimulant medications. To better understand changes in ADHD medication use and inform policy governing the prescribing of these medications, this study aimed to compare stimulant and nonstimulant fills for 2019 versus 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used national all-payer prescription claims data for 2019 (before onset of the COVID-19 pandemic) and 2023 to calculate stimulant and nonstimulant ADHD medication fill rates overall and by patient age and prescriber specialty.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total ADHD medication fills increased 23.8%, from 72,849,441 in 2019 to 90,183,437 in 2023; stimulants accounted for most fills (91.4% in 2019; 88.9% in 2023). Whereas the number of stimulant fills rose 20.4% from 2019 to 2023, the number of nonstimulant fills increased at three times that rate (60.1%). Both stimulant and nonstimulant fills increased among adults, whereas stimulant fills decreased 6.5% among children (ages 0-18). Nurse practitioners and physician assistants were responsible for one in three ADHD prescription fills in 2023; nonstimulants were prescribed most commonly by these providers and by psychiatrists.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The number of ADHD medication fills rose substantially from 2019 to 2023. Although a majority of 2023 fills were stimulants, nonstimulant fills sharply increased, even though nonstimulants are not the first-choice ADHD medication treatment. This increase was likely due in part to stimulant shortages that continue to limit access to ADHD pharmacotherapy nationwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":20878,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric services","volume":" ","pages":"appips20240574"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Psychiatric services","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.20240574","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis rates and stimulant use have increased recently, particularly among adults, in the context of increased telehealth use and shortages in stimulant medications. To better understand changes in ADHD medication use and inform policy governing the prescribing of these medications, this study aimed to compare stimulant and nonstimulant fills for 2019 versus 2023.
Methods: This study used national all-payer prescription claims data for 2019 (before onset of the COVID-19 pandemic) and 2023 to calculate stimulant and nonstimulant ADHD medication fill rates overall and by patient age and prescriber specialty.
Results: Total ADHD medication fills increased 23.8%, from 72,849,441 in 2019 to 90,183,437 in 2023; stimulants accounted for most fills (91.4% in 2019; 88.9% in 2023). Whereas the number of stimulant fills rose 20.4% from 2019 to 2023, the number of nonstimulant fills increased at three times that rate (60.1%). Both stimulant and nonstimulant fills increased among adults, whereas stimulant fills decreased 6.5% among children (ages 0-18). Nurse practitioners and physician assistants were responsible for one in three ADHD prescription fills in 2023; nonstimulants were prescribed most commonly by these providers and by psychiatrists.
Conclusions: The number of ADHD medication fills rose substantially from 2019 to 2023. Although a majority of 2023 fills were stimulants, nonstimulant fills sharply increased, even though nonstimulants are not the first-choice ADHD medication treatment. This increase was likely due in part to stimulant shortages that continue to limit access to ADHD pharmacotherapy nationwide.
期刊介绍:
Psychiatric Services, established in 1950, is published monthly by the American Psychiatric Association. The peer-reviewed journal features research reports on issues related to the delivery of mental health services, especially for people with serious mental illness in community-based treatment programs. Long known as an interdisciplinary journal, Psychiatric Services recognizes that provision of high-quality care involves collaboration among a variety of professionals, frequently working as a team. Authors of research reports published in the journal include psychiatrists, psychologists, pharmacists, nurses, social workers, drug and alcohol treatment counselors, economists, policy analysts, and professionals in related systems such as criminal justice and welfare systems. In the mental health field, the current focus on patient-centered, recovery-oriented care and on dissemination of evidence-based practices is transforming service delivery systems at all levels. Research published in Psychiatric Services contributes to this transformation.