Effect of UV-Photofunctionalization of titanium implants on stability,crestal bone loss in controlled diabetic patients: A split mouth randomized clinical trial.

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the effects of UV photofunctionalized (UVP) dental implants on implant stability, osseointegration, and radiographical bone changes with non-UV photofunctionalized (NUVP) dental implants placed in controlled diabetics.

Methodology: Participants were selected using stratified random sampling to ensure proportional representation of age groups, gender, and other relevant subgroups within the controlled diabetic population. The sites were randomly allocated into UVP and NUVP groups. In the UVP group, implants were photofunctionalized in a UV activator for 20 sec before implant placement. Crestal bone changes were measured at 3- and 9-months post-implant placement. Descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were done to analyze intra-group and inter-group comparison study data.

Results: Implant stability and osseointegration were assessed using implant stability quotient (ISQ) and Osseointegration index (OSI) immediately after implant placement and 3 months post-placement. Intra-group comparison of ISQ showed significantly higher ISQ (p=<0.029) in the UVP group (4.40±1.89) compared to the NUVP group (2.60±1.17). The mean change in implant stability from baseline to 3 months was also significantly higher (p=0.29) in the UVP group (4.4±1.89compared to the NUVP group (2.6±1.17). A significantly higher mean OSI (p=0.032) was noted in the UVP group (1.42±0.62) compared to the NUVP group (0.84±0.39). On comparison of mean crestal bone changes on the distal aspect, significantly higher mean bone loss(p=0.003) was noted at 9 months in the NUVP group (0.64±0.18) compared to the UVP group (0.35±0.08).

Conclusion: The UVP group showed greater benefits in enhanced secondary stability, higher OSI, and less crestal bone loss compared to the NUVP group in controlled diabetic patients.