Excellent energy storage and high stability achieved in lead free BZT-SrBiT ceramics synthesized via conventional solid state method

Abstract

Ferroelectrics are recognized as some of the most advanced dielectric energy storage capacitors, thanks to their exceptional ability to achieve high electric polarization yields. This unique property enables them to store and release energy efficiently, making them ideal for various applications in electronics and energy systems. Their advanced performance positions them at the forefront of energy storage technology. This characteristic exceeds that of their linear counterparts, making them pivotal in advancing the compactness and lightweight design of electric power systems. Yet, within the realm of ferroelectrics lies a complex challenge: striking a balance between energy density and a spectrum of other indispensable properties. Among these, energy efficiency, temperature and frequency stabilities, and resistance to cycling fatigue reign paramount. Navigating these intricate dynamics is imperative for unlocking the full potential of ferroelectrics in practical applications. In this study, we focus on domain engineering as a method to manipulate the structure of materials by fragmenting them into polar nano regions. This strategic approach aims to enhance energy efficiency while maintaining high energy density levels. Our investigation centers on the utilization of the BZT-SrBiT (x = 0.6 & 0.7), lead-free solid-solution system as a representative example to illustrate this concept. Our findings impressively demonstrate a substantial energy density of 2.92 J/cm³, accompanied by an efficiency rating of 80.13 %. This accomplishment underscores our strategy's effectiveness in enhancing energy storage capabilities while preserving performance metrics. It reflects our dedication to advancing technology that meets the growing demands of the market without sacrificing quality or efficiency. Additionally, the system exhibits remarkably narrow hysteresis loops, indicating minimal energy loss during polarization reversal. Additionally, across a broad spectrum of temperatures and frequencies ranging from 40 °C to 150 °C and 1Hz, respectively, the high energy density of 4.46 J/cm³ and efficiency of 80.13 % at an electric field strength of 150 kV/cm exhibit marginal variations of only ±3 % to ±5 %. This methodology holds promise for the development of ferroelectrics across a diverse range of material systems, each boasting commendable energy storage capabilities. Furthermore, this approach allows us to achieve a discharge energy density of 5.1 J/cm³ within a rapid duration of 5.66 μs, along with an exceptional efficiency rating of 86.5 %. These findings open up a novel avenue for developing foundational components tailored for pulse power capacitors, paving the way for potential commercialization efforts.