High Respiratory Effort During Invasive Pressure Support Ventilation

Anis Chaba MD , Joanna W.Y. Chow MBBS , Atthaphong Phongphithakchai MD , Wisam Al-Bassam MD , Fumitaka Yanase PhD , Zachary O’Brien MBBS , Glenn Eastwood PhD , Ahmad Bassam MD , Stefanos Hadzakis MD , Sofia Spano MD , Akinori Maeda MD , Lucinda Roberts MD , Rinaldo Bellomo PhD , Ary Serpa Neto PhD
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Abstract

Background

High respiratory effort may be common in invasively ventilated patients receiving pressure support ventilation, but its epidemiologic characteristics are unclear.

Research Question

What are the epidemiologic characteristics of high respiratory efforts in critically ill patients, does agreement exist between high respiratory drive and high respiratory effort, what are clinician responses during such events, and what is the relationship between those with clinical parameters and outcomes?

Study Design and Methods

This clinician-masked, prospective, observational study in 2 centers measured the drop in airway pressure during the first 100 ms of an inspiratory effort with an occluded airway (P0.1), a validated noninvasive measure of respiratory drive, in patients receiving pressure support ventilation for > 24 hours. We also measured estimated respiratory muscle pressure (ePmusc), a validated surrogate of inspiratory effort. We measured ePmusc and P0.1 twice daily.

Results

Of 528 ventilated patients, 80 patients received pressure support ventilation for > 24 hours. Among them, 33 patients (41%) exhibited high respiratory effort, which was more common in COVID-19 ARDS, with 19 of such patients (58%) reached the predefined threshold vs 14 patients (27%) in the non-COVID-19 cohort (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.9-14.9; P = .001). Moreover, 36% of P0.1 values were ≥ 4 cm H2O, indicating high respiratory drive. Moderate agreement was found between ePmusc and P0.1 measurements (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.65), suggesting significant discrepancies between those 2 parameters. Clinician-directed management based on usual clinical observations (but masked to P0.1 and ePmusc) rarely changed in the presence of high respiratory effort. Higher ePmusc and its concomitant elevation with P0.1 were associated with worse blood gas parameters and respiratory mechanics. A concomitant elevation of both ePmusc and P0.1 was associated independently with a decreased likelihood of being alive and ventilator-free up to day 28 (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.06-0.87; P = .037).

Interpretation

In this study, many critical care patients receiving invasive pressure support ventilation exhibited high respiratory efforts. In these patients, adjustments to ventilator settings were uncommon, despite association with worse clinical parameters and outcomes.
有创压力支持通气时的高呼吸力
背景:在接受压力支持通气的有创通气患者中,高呼吸力可能是常见的,但其流行病学特征尚不清楚。研究问题:危重患者的高呼吸力的流行病学特征是什么?高呼吸动力和高呼吸力之间是否存在一致性?在这些事件中临床医生的反应是什么?这些与临床参数和结果之间的关系是什么?研究设计和方法本研究是一项在2个中心进行的临床试验、前瞻性观察性研究,测量了在气道闭塞的情况下吸气前100 ms时气道压力的下降(P0.1),这是一种经过验证的呼吸驱动的无创测量方法,在接受压力支持通气的患者中。24小时。我们还测量了估计的呼吸肌压力(ePmusc),这是一种有效的吸气力替代物。我们每天两次测量ePmusc和P0.1。结果528例通气患者中,80例接受压力支持通气;24小时。其中,33例患者(41%)表现出高呼吸力,这在COVID-19 ARDS中更为常见,其中19例患者(58%)达到预定义阈值,而非COVID-19队列中有14例患者(27%)(OR, 5.0;95% ci, 1.9-14.9;P = .001)。此外,36%的P0.1值≥4 cm H2O,表明呼吸驱动高。ePmusc与P0.1测量值之间存在中等程度的一致性(类内相关系数为0.65),表明这两个参数之间存在显著差异。基于常规临床观察的临床指导管理(但掩盖P0.1和ePmusc)在存在高呼吸努力时很少改变。ePmusc升高及其伴随的P0.1升高与较差的血气参数和呼吸力学相关。ePmusc和P0.1的同时升高与存活和不使用呼吸机的可能性降低独立相关,直到第28天(OR, 0.26;95% ci, 0.06-0.87;P = .037)。在本研究中,许多接受有创压力支持通气的重症患者表现出高呼吸用力。在这些患者中,调整呼吸机设置并不常见,尽管与较差的临床参数和结果相关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CHEST critical care
CHEST critical care Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
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