Golden insights for exploring cancer: delivery, from genes to the human body using bimetallic Au/Ag nanostructures.

Abstract

Sweeping contact with cancer continues to rise globally, which has led to advanced research on new treatment approaches; nanotechnology has become crucial to targeted cancer therapy. Within the intimate of nanomaterials, Au/Ag nanostructures have emerged as highly attractive because of their distinctive desirable characteristics and their prospective roles in diagnosis as well as cancer therapy. The nanostructures developed revealed remarkable biocompatibility, optically recursive alteration, and magnificently improved therapeutic effects of gold and silver in conjunction with each other. This review addresses the molecular and systemic aspects of Au/Ag nanostructures in cancer research, including the impact of nanostructures on the molecular genetic pathways and their use of systemic administration in the human organism. We explain some of the related mechanisms of action, such as photothermal therapy (PTT), and photodynamic therapy (PDT), as well as the drug delivery systems where they display potential benefits towards offering a more targeted treatment approach with fewer side effects. The latest development has shown that they have the prospect of real-time imaging and biomarker identification, and owing to this they are being viewed as a tool for individualized treatment. However, there are still some limitations: challenges of scaling up, biological safety, and bringing it to the clinic. It is therefore incumbent upon these managements to overcome these hurdles to optimize for their impact. As a result, the current findings are briefly reviewed, and the development directions are discussed to support the revolutionary role of Au/Ag nanostructures in cancer research and therapy.